¬ Text used for building names and descriptions
¬ Lines that begin with this character are comments
¬ and should not be translated or altered
¬ Items inside curly brackets are tags and should not be translated
¬ The text following each tag on the same, or next line does need to be translated
¬


{barb_peasant_briton}	Barbarian Peasants

{barb_peasant_briton_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\n\nPeasants are reluctant warriors, but barbarian peasants are better fighters than most: hard lives produce hard men. Numbers are useful in all armies, and forcing peasants to fight is one way of getting lots of men in the field quickly and cheaply. They have little tactical sense, and even less willingness to fight - they would rather be defending their own homes than be dragged to a battle they neither care about nor understand. They are, however, experts at reading the land and hiding when there is cover.

{barb_peasant_briton_descr_short}
Peasants are reluctant warriors, but barbarian peasants are better fighters than most: hard lives produce hard men.

¬----------------

{barb_peasant_dacian}	Barbarian Peasants

{barb_peasant_dacian_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\n\nPeasants are reluctant warriors, but barbarian peasants are better fighters than most: hard lives produce hard men. Numbers are useful in all armies, and forcing peasants to fight is one way of getting lots of men in the field quickly and cheaply. They have little tactical sense, and even less willingness to fight - they would rather be defending their own homes than be dragged to a battle they neither care about nor understand. They are, however, experts at reading the land and hiding when there is cover.

{barb_peasant_dacian_descr_short}
Peasants are reluctant warriors, but barbarian peasants are better fighters than most: hard lives produce hard men.

¬----------------

{barb_peasant_gaul}	Barbarian Peasants

{barb_peasant_gaul_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\n\nPeasants are reluctant warriors, but barbarian peasants are better fighters than most: hard lives produce hard men. Numbers are useful in all armies, and forcing peasants to fight is one way of getting lots of men in the field quickly and cheaply. They have little tactical sense, and even less willingness to fight - they would rather be defending their own homes than be dragged to a battle they neither care about nor understand. They are, however, experts at reading the land and hiding when there is cover.

{barb_peasant_gaul_descr_short}
Peasants are reluctant warriors, but barbarian peasants are better fighters than most: hard lives produce hard men.

¬----------------

{barb_peasant_german}	Barbarian Peasants

{barb_peasant_german_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\n\nPeasants are reluctant warriors, but barbarian peasants are better fighters than most: hard lives produce hard men. Numbers are useful in all armies, and forcing peasants to fight is one way of getting lots of men in the field quickly and cheaply. They have little tactical sense, and even less willingness to fight - they would rather be defending their own homes than be dragged to a battle they neither care about nor understand. They are, however, experts at reading the land and hiding when there is cover.

{barb_peasant_german_descr_short}
Peasants are reluctant warriors, but barbarian peasants are better fighters than most: hard lives produce hard men.

¬----------------

{barb_peasant_scythian}	Barbarian Peasants

{barb_peasant_scythian_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\n\nPeasants are reluctant warriors, but barbarian peasants are better fighters than most: hard lives produce hard men. Numbers are useful in all armies, and forcing peasants to fight is one way of getting lots of men in the field quickly and cheaply. They have little tactical sense, and even less willingness to fight - they would rather be defending their own homes than be dragged to a battle they neither care about nor understand. They are, however, experts at reading the land and hiding when there is cover.

{barb_peasant_scythian_descr_short}
Peasants are reluctant warriors, but barbarian peasants are better fighters than most: hard lives produce hard men.

¬----------------

{barb_peasant_slave}	Barbarian Peasants

{barb_peasant_slave_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\n\nPeasants are reluctant warriors, but barbarian peasants are better fighters than most: hard lives produce hard men. Numbers are useful in all armies, and forcing peasants to fight is one way of getting lots of men in the field quickly and cheaply. They have little tactical sense, and even less willingness to fight - they would rather be defending their own homes than be dragged to a battle they neither care about nor understand. They are, however, experts at reading the land and hiding when there is cover.

{barb_peasant_slave_descr_short}
Peasants are reluctant warriors, but barbarian peasants are better fighters than most: hard lives produce hard men.

¬----------------

{barb_peltast_gaul}	Skirmisher Warband

{barb_peltast_gaul_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\nCan Hide in Long Grass\n\nSkirmishers are lightly armed troops who should break up and harass enemy formations before the main battle lines meet, and act as a screen for heavier troops. Their skills also make them useful in springing tactical ambushes.\n\nEach man is armed with a clutch of throwing spears, a short sword and a small shield, but they do not wear armour preferring speed over protection. \n\nSkirmisher Warbands are often the tribe's younger warriors. These men have yet to prove themselves as warriors, so are not necessarily tough enough to stand against a seasoned enemy in hand-to-hand fighting.

{barb_peltast_gaul_descr_short}
Skirmishers rush forward to pepper an enemy with throwing spears, and then run away before a counter-attack can be organised. 

¬----------------

{barb_peltast_german}	Skirmisher Warband

{barb_peltast_german_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\nCan Hide in Long Grass\n\nSkirmishers are lightly armed troops who should break up and harass enemy formations before the main battle lines meet, and act as a screen for heavier troops. Their skills also make them useful in springing tactical ambushes.\n\nEach man is armed with a clutch of throwing spears, a short sword and a small shield, but they do not wear armour preferring speed over protection. \n\nSkirmisher Warbands are often the tribe's younger warriors. These men have yet to prove themselves as warriors, so are not necessarily tough enough to stand against a seasoned enemy in hand-to-hand fighting.

{barb_peltast_german_descr_short}
Skirmishers rush forward to pepper an enemy with throwing spears, and then run away before a counter-attack can be organised. 

¬----------------

{barb_slinger_briton}	Slingers

{barb_slinger_briton_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\n\nA sling is a deceptively simple weapon: a slinger can bring down the strongest man with a single shot. These slingers can send a hail of bullets towards the enemy, and target their shots for maximum damage. After all, they will have been hunting with slings since boyhood. Slingers should not be allowed to get into melee combat, as their lack of armour and their relative lack of equipment - just a knife or short sword and a shield - will soon lead to them being cut to pieces. Used to kill enemies from a distance, they are superb missile warriors.

{barb_slinger_briton_descr_short}
A sling is a deceptively simple weapon: a slinger can bring down the strongest man with a single shot.

¬----------------

{barb_archer_dacian}	Archer Warband

{barb_archer_dacian_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Woods\n\nArcher warbands are used to harass and break up enemy formations, so that other warriors can then get in amongst their enemies. The members of the warband are lightly armed and equipped, relying more on speed as a protection from foes. Any archers caught in the open by cavalry will be in trouble unless they can withdraw to more favourable ground or behind a shield wall of friendly warriors.\n\nTheir bows have a short range, but each warrior carries a good selection of hunting and war arrows, designed to cause massive bleeding and pierce armour respectively. Their choice of missile is matched to the nature of the target.\n\nThese archers are at their best in wooded country, where their superior stalking skills learned on the hunt can be put to use.

{barb_archer_dacian_descr_short}
Archer warbands are used to harass and break up enemy formations, so that other warriors can then get in amongst their enemies. 

¬----------------

{barb_archer_scythian}	Archer Warband

{barb_archer_scythian_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Woods\n\nArcher warbands are used to harass and break up enemy formations, so that other warriors can then get in amongst their enemies. The members of the warband are lightly armed and equipped, relying more on speed as a protection from foes. Any archers caught in the open by cavalry will be in trouble unless they can withdraw to more favourable ground or behind a shield wall of friendly warriors.\n\nTheir bows have a short range, but each warrior carries a good selection of hunting and war arrows, designed to cause massive bleeding and pierce armour respectively. Their choice of missile is matched to the nature of the target.\n\nThese archers are at their best in wooded country, where their superior stalking skills learned on the hunt can be put to use.

{barb_archer_scythian_descr_short}
Archer warbands are used to harass and break up enemy formations, so that other warriors can then get in amongst their enemies. 

¬----------------

{barb_archer_slave}	Archer Warband

{barb_archer_slave_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Woods\n\nArcher warbands are used to harass and break up enemy formations, so that other warriors can then get in amongst their enemies. The members of the warband are lightly armed and equipped, relying more on speed as a protection from foes. Any archers caught in the open by cavalry will be in trouble unless they can withdraw to more favourable ground or behind a shield wall of friendly warriors.\n\nTheir bows have a short range, but each warrior carries a good selection of hunting and war arrows, designed to cause massive bleeding and pierce armour respectively. Their choice of missile is matched to the nature of the target.\n\nThese archers are at their best in wooded country, where their superior stalking skills learned on the hunt can be put to use.

{barb_archer_slave_descr_short}
Archer warbands are used to harass and break up enemy formations, so that other warriors can then get in amongst their enemies. 

¬----------------

{warband_archer_dacian}	Chosen Archer Warband

{warband_archer_dacian_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nChosen archers are highly prized for their superior skills in war. They are the best archers available to barbarian warlords. They are all, as might be expected, excellent bowmen, fleet of foot and expert hunters. They are given the best bows available to their people, and are also equipped with good swords and chainmail armour too. This equipment means that they can do more than just defend themselves in hand-to-hand combat. They can, when required, act as light infantry. Their presence on a battlefield is always useful, as they have the flexibility to be both archers and infantry and do a good job in both tasks.

{warband_archer_dacian_descr_short}
Chosen archers are highly prized for their superior skills in war. They are the best archers available to barbarian warlords.

¬----------------

{warband_archer_german}	Chosen Archer Warband

{warband_archer_german_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nChosen archers are highly prized for their superior skills in war. They are the best archers available to barbarian warlords. They are all, as might be expected, excellent bowmen, fleet of foot and expert hunters. They are given the best bows available to their people, and are also equipped with good swords and chainmail armour too. This equipment means that they can do more than just defend themselves in hand-to-hand combat. They can, when required, act as light infantry. Their presence on a battlefield is always useful, as they have the flexibility to be both archers and infantry and do a good job in both tasks.

{warband_archer_german_descr_short}
Chosen archers are highly prized for their superior skills in war. They are the best archers available to barbarian warlords.

¬----------------

{warband_archer_scythian}	Chosen Archer Warband

{warband_archer_scythian_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nChosen archers are highly prized for their superior skills in war. They are the best archers available to barbarian warlords. They are all, as might be expected, excellent bowmen, fleet of foot and expert hunters. They are given the best bows available to their people, and are also equipped with good swords and chainmail armour too. This equipment means that they can do more than just defend themselves in hand-to-hand combat. They can, when required, act as light infantry. Their presence on a battlefield is always useful, as they have the flexibility to be both archers and infantry and do a good job in both tasks.

{warband_archer_scythian_descr_short}
Chosen archers are highly prized for their superior skills in war. They are the best archers available to barbarian warlords.

¬----------------

{warband_huntsman_gaul}	Forester Warband

{warband_huntsman_gaul_descr}
Elite\nCan Hide Anywhere\nVery Hardy\n\nA life spent hunting is an excellent training for war. Personal courage, skill and the readiness to take a life can all be learned during a hunt. Foresters are highly skilled men with both the bow and the spear, their preferred weapons. They also each wear good leather armour.\n\nTheir hunting skills also stand them in good stead when stalking men instead of animals - these men can hide almost anywhere, taking advantage of every scrap of cover. The ability to spring ambushes as well as fight hand-to-hand makes them a uniquely flexible force for a warlord and one that, unusually, has enough sense to obey all orders. Foresters already know that they are superb hunters and warriors, and do not need to prove their skills to anyone by attacking just because they can!

{warband_huntsman_gaul_descr_short}
A life spent hunting is an excellent training for war. Personal courage, skill and the readiness to take a life can all be learned during a hunt. 

¬----------------

{warband_hurler_briton}	Head Hurlers

{warband_hurler_briton_descr}
Wild\nImpetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nIn battle, head hurlers throw the heads of fallen foes coated with quicklime. These missiles are both dangerous and loathsome. Head hurlers combine the practical and the macabre in equal measure - they collect the heads of fallen enemies and preserve these by dipping them in quicklime. The limed heads are used as disgusting missiles in battle, flung into enemy ranks at surprisingly long range. As missiles the heads are heavy enough to cause injuries (and have an undoubted impact on morale) but it is the lime that really does the damage, causing nasty burns. Head Hurlers also carry swords for use in close combat should this be necessary.\n\nHead hurlers, however, also show little regard for their own danger and are not above rushing into combat without orders. 

{warband_hurler_briton_descr_short}
In battle, head hurlers throw the heads of fallen foes coated with quicklime. These missiles are both dangerous and loathsome. 

¬----------------

{barb_infantry_briton}	Warband

{barb_infantry_briton_descr}
Impetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nWarbands are bound to the service of a strongman or petty village head. They are the basic 'unit' to be found in many barbarian armies. They fight well, as glory and loot are the road to status, but are often difficult to control. They care little for discipline and less for restraint, but they can be relied on to fight, and fight hard. In warfare it is up to each man to prove his own bravery and worth, so the savage charge into the enemy is about as sophisticated as they ever want to be!\n\nEach man carries a stabbing spear and a large shield.

{barb_infantry_briton_descr_short}
Warbands are bound to the service of a strongman or petty village head. They fight well as personal glory is the way to status, but are often difficult to control. 

¬----------------

{barb_infantry_dacian}	Warband

{barb_infantry_dacian_descr}
Impetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nWarbands are bound to the service of a strongman or petty village head. They are the basic 'unit' to be found in many barbarian armies. They fight well, as glory and loot are the road to status, but are often difficult to control. They care little for discipline and less for restraint, but they can be relied on to fight, and fight hard. In warfare it is up to each man to prove his own bravery and worth, so the savage charge into the enemy is about as sophisticated as they ever want to be!\n\nEach man carries a stabbing spear and a large shield. 

{barb_infantry_dacian_descr_short}
Warbands are bound to the service of a strongman or petty village head. They fight well as personal glory is the way to status, but are often difficult to control. 

¬----------------

{barb_infantry_gaul}	Warband

{barb_infantry_gaul_descr}
Impetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nWarbands are bound to the service of a strongman or petty village head. They are the basic 'unit' to be found in many barbarian armies. They fight well as glory and loot are the road to status but are often difficult to control. They care little for discipline and less for restraint, but they can be relied on to fight, and fight hard. In warfare it is up to each man to prove his own bravery and worth, so the savage charge into the enemy is about as sophisticated as they ever want to be!\n\nEach man carries a stabbing spear and a large shield. 

{barb_infantry_gaul_descr_short}
Warbands are bound to the service of a strongman or petty village head. They fight well as personal glory is the way to status, but are often difficult to control. 

¬----------------

{barb_infantry_slave}	Warband

{barb_infantry_slave_descr}
Impetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nWarbands are bound to the service of a strongman or petty village head. They are the basic 'unit' to be found in many barbarian armies. They fight well as glory and loot are the road to status, but are often difficult to control. They care little for discipline and less for restraint, but they can be relied on to fight, and fight hard. In warfare it is up to each man to prove his own bravery and worth, so the savage charge into the enemy is about as sophisticated as they ever want to be!\n\nEach man carries a stabbing spear and a large shield. 

{barb_infantry_slave_descr_short}
Warbands are bound to the service of a strongman or petty village head. They fight well as personal glory is the way to status, but are often difficult to control. 

¬----------------

{warband_spear_german}	Spear Warband

{warband_spear_german_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\nCan Form Phalanx\n\nThe men of a spear warband are effective against cavalry and most infantry, but lack the discipline of more 'civilized' troops. Their spears, however, make them valuable defensive warriors for any warlord.\n\nThe warband is the basic unit of any barbarian army - a group of tough warriors bound together in the service of a tribal strongman or village headman. Each warrior is protected by a large shield. In common with other Germanic warriors, these men are very clever when concealing themselves in forests.

{warband_spear_german_descr_short}
The men of a spear warband are effective against cavalry and most infantry, but lack the discipline of more 'civilized' troops.

¬----------------

{warband_sword_briton}	Swordsmen

{warband_sword_briton_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nSwordsmen are steadfast and aggressive warriors, the 'infantry of the line' for barbarian warlords. They are not very disciplined at times, as their sense of honour and bravery can make them eager to get into any fray, but they are uniformly superb swordsmen. They are equipped with good swords and large shields.\n\nEvery warlord worth the name makes sure he has a couple of warbands of these hard men under his command. 

{warband_sword_briton_descr_short}
Swordsmen are steadfast and aggressive warriors, the 'infantry of the line' for barbarian warlords. 

¬----------------

{warband_sword_gaul}	Swordsmen

{warband_sword_gaul_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nSwordsmen are steadfast and aggressive warriors, the 'infantry of the line' for barbarian warlords. They are not very disciplined at times, as their sense of honour and bravery can make them eager to get into any fray, but they are uniformly superb swordsmen. They are equipped with good swords and large shields.\n\nEvery warlord worth the name makes sure he has a couple of warbands of these hard men under his command. 

{warband_sword_gaul_descr_short}
Swordsmen are steadfast and aggressive warriors, the 'infantry of the line' for barbarian warlords. 

¬----------------

{warband_axe_german}	Axemen

{warband_axe_german_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nAxemen are steadfast and aggressive warriors, the 'infantry of the line' for barbarian warlords. They are not very disciplined at times, as their sense of honour and bravery can make them eager to get into any fray, but they are uniformly superb fighters. They are equipped with good axes and small shields.\n\nEvery warlord worth the name makes sure he has a couple of warbands of these hard men under his command.

{warband_axe_german_descr_short}
Axemen are steadfast and aggressive warriors, the 'infantry of the line' for barbarian warlords. 

¬----------------

{warband_axe_scythian}	Axemen

{warband_axe_scythian_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nAxemen are steadfast and aggressive warriors, the 'infantry of the line' for barbarian warlords. They are not very disciplined at times, as their sense of honour and bravery can make them eager to get into any fray, but they are uniformly superb fighters. They are equipped with good axes and small shields.\n\nEvery warlord worth the name makes sure he has a couple of warbands of these hard men under his command.

{warband_axe_scythian_descr_short}
Axemen are steadfast and aggressive warriors, the 'infantry of the line' for barbarian warlords. 

¬----------------

{warband_falx_dacian}	Falxmen

{warband_falx_dacian_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Woods\n\nFalxmen are used to carve a path into enemy formations. They are superior, but somewhat ill-disciplined warriors who are willing to charge into a fight without orders. They wear no armour, partly as a sign of their bravery and partly because it would interfere with the free swinging of their falxes.\n\nA falx can cut a man in two lengthways in the hands of a skilled user. It is a frightening weapon: a curved scythe-like blade on the end of a long handle that is sharpened on the inner curve of the blade. The damage from any blow is done with a pulling motion, meaning that any blow that lands will hack off a limb or decapitate a foe at the least. Historically, this is one of the few weapons that made the Romans change their standardised armour, as they added reinforcing bars to Legionary helmets after encountering falxmen.

{warband_falx_dacian_descr_short}
Falxmen are used to carve a path into enemy formations. They are superior, but somewhat ill-disciplined warriors.

¬----------------

{warband_falx_thracian}	Falxmen

{warband_falx_thracian_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Woods\n\nFalxmen are used to carve a path into enemy formations. They are superior, but somewhat ill-disciplined warriors who are willing to charge into a fight without orders. They wear no armour, partly as a sign of their bravery and partly because it would interfere with the free swinging of their falxes.\n\nA falx can cut a man in two lengthways in the hands of a skilled user. It is a frightening weapon: a curved scythe-like blade on the end of a long handle that is sharpened on the inner curve of the blade. The damage from any blow is done with a pulling motion, meaning that any blow that lands will hack off a limb or decapitate a foe at the least. Historically, this is one of the few weapons that made the Romans change their standardised armour, as they added reinforcing bars to legionary helmets after encountering falxmen.

{warband_falx_thracian_descr_short}
Falxmen are used to carve a path into enemy formations. They are superior, but somewhat ill-disciplined warriors.

¬----------------

{barb_warguard_briton}	Chosen Swordsmen

{barb_warguard_briton_descr}
Elite\nImpetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nChosen swordsmen are the best fighting individuals in their tribe, and armed with the finest swords available.\n\nWhile superbly skilled and extremely tough, they are not naturally inclined to fight as a group. Personal glory and the need to be first amongst the enemy ensure that they are headstrong and ill-disciplined. They are, however, very well equipped with the finest swords that the smiths can make, along with chainmail armour and large shields. They are an intimidating sight for any enemy.

{barb_warguard_briton_descr_short}
Chosen swordsmen are the best fighting individuals in their tribe, and armed with the finest swords available. 

¬----------------

{barb_warguard_dacian}	Chosen Swordsmen

{barb_warguard_dacian_descr}
Elite\nImpetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nChosen swordsmen are the best fighting individuals in their tribe, and armed with the finest swords available.\n\nWhile superbly skilled and extremely tough, they are not naturally inclined to fight as a group. Personal glory and the need to be first amongst the enemy ensure that they are headstrong and ill-disciplined. They are, however, very well equipped with the finest swords that the smiths can make, along with chainmail armour and large shields. They are an intimidating sight for any enemy.

{barb_warguard_dacian_descr_short}
Chosen swordsmen are the best fighting individuals in their tribe, and armed with the finest swords available. 

¬----------------

{barb_warguard_gaul}	Chosen Swordsmen

{barb_warguard_gaul_descr}
Elite\nImpetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nChosen swordsmen are the best fighting individuals in their tribe, and armed with the finest swords available.\n\nWhile superbly skilled and extremely tough, they are not naturally inclined to fight as a group. Personal glory and the need to be first amongst the enemy ensure that they are headstrong and ill-disciplined. They are, however, very well equipped with the finest swords that the smiths can make, along with chainmail armour and large shields. They are an intimidating sight for any enemy.

{barb_warguard_gaul_descr_short}
Chosen swordsmen are the best fighting individuals in their tribe, and armed with the finest swords available. 

¬----------------

{warband_woad_briton}	Woad Warriors

{warband_woad_briton_descr}
Impetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nReligion and magic are powerful reasons for bravery.\n\nWoad warriors are brave fighters - and mad. They disdain armour and most clothing, preferring to paint themselves with intricate and stylised magical designs in woad (a blue dye) to deflect enemy blows and missiles. The patterns created can be elaborate and almost inhuman, and are supposed to be unnerving for enemies unused to such practices. Belief in magic also armours the woad warriors against fear, and makes them savage, dangerous and not-quite-controllable fighters. Woad warriors carry only blades and shields but it is a foolish commander indeed who underestimates their impact in battle!

{warband_woad_briton_descr_short}
Religion and magic are powerful reasons for bravery. Woad warriors are brave fighters - and mad.

¬----------------

{naked_fanatics_dacian}	Naked Fanatics

{naked_fanatics_dacian_descr}
Impetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nThere are warriors among the barbarian ranks whose love of battle is such that they live for little else. Clad only in flimsy loincloths, the fanatics whip themselves into a frenzy by chanting, beating themselves and drinking heavily. In this state they make an unnerving sight on the battlefield! They are best sent into battle en masse, shocking the enemy by a ferocious charge, but they should be kept away from enemy cavalry.\n\nThey carry just swords and shields and have practically no discipline, but they can cause heavy casualties among most enemies. They fight mostly (if not completely) naked to emphasise their own fierceness and utter lack of fear. Scars and tattoos adorn their skin, and they let their hair grow wild. Only after a kill is their hair cut, often with a sword blade while standing over a freshly dead foe.\n\nWhile their reckless courage is not in doubt, they can lack the cohesion and discipline to adapt to setbacks, breaking and running in confusion when subjected to severe pressure.

{naked_fanatics_dacian_descr_short}
Wild and savage, naked fanatics are always a threat but are at a disadvantage when fighting cavalry.

¬----------------

{naked_fanatics_gaul}	Naked Fanatics

{naked_fanatics_gaul_descr}
Impetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nThere are warriors among the barbarian ranks whose love of battle is such that they live for little else. Clad only in flimsy loincloths, the fanatics whip themselves into a frenzy by chanting, beating themselves and drinking heavily. In this state they make an unnerving sight on the battlefield! They are best sent into battle en masse, shocking the enemy by a ferocious charge, but they should be kept away from enemy cavalry.\n\nThey carry just swords and shields and have practically no discipline, but they can cause heavy casualties among most enemies. They fight mostly (if not completely) naked to emphasise their own fierceness and utter lack of fear. Scars and tattoos adorn their skin, and they let their hair grow wild. Only after a kill is their hair cut often with a sword blade while standing over a freshly dead foe.\n\nWhile their reckless courage is not in doubt, they can lack the cohesion and discipline to adapt to setbacks, breaking and running in confusion when subjected to severe pressure.

{naked_fanatics_gaul_descr_short}
Wild and savage, naked fanatics are always a threat but are at a disadvantage when fighting cavalry.

¬----------------

{naked_fanatics_german}	Naked Fanatics

{naked_fanatics_german_descr}
Impetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nThere are warriors among the barbarian ranks whose love of battle is such that they live for little else. Clad only in flimsy loincloths, the fanatics whip themselves into a frenzy by chanting, beating themselves and drinking heavily. In this state they make an unnerving sight on the battlefield! They are best sent into battle en masse, shocking the enemy by a ferocious charge, but they should be kept away from enemy cavalry.\n\nThey carry just swords and shields and have practically no discipline, but they can cause heavy casualties among most enemies. They fight mostly (if not completely) naked to emphasise their own fierceness and utter lack of fear. Scars and tattoos adorn their skin, and they let their hair grow wild. Only after a kill is their hair cut often with a sword blade while standing over a freshly dead foe.\n\nWhile their reckless courage is not in doubt, they can lack the cohesion and discipline to adapt to setbacks, breaking and running in confusion when subjected to severe pressure.

{naked_fanatics_german_descr_short}
Wild and savage, naked fanatics are always a threat but are at a disadvantage when fighting cavalry.

¬----------------

{naked_fanatics_slave}	Naked Fanatics

{naked_fanatics_slave_descr}
Impetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nThere are warriors among the barbarian ranks whose love of battle is such that they live for little else. Clad only in flimsy loincloths, the fanatics whip themselves into a frenzy by chanting, beating themselves and drinking heavily. In this state they make an unnerving sight on the battlefield! They are best sent into battle en masse, shocking the enemy by a ferocious charge, but they should be kept away from enemy cavalry.\n\nThey carry just swords and shields and have practically no discipline, but they can cause heavy casualties among most enemies. They fight mostly (if not completely) naked to emphasise their own fierceness and utter lack of fear. Scars and tattoos adorn their skin, and they let their hair grow wild. Only after a kill is their hair cut often with a sword blade while standing over a freshly dead foe.\n\nWhile their reckless courage is not in doubt, they can lack the cohesion and discipline to adapt to setbacks, breaking and running in confusion when subjected to severe pressure.

{naked_fanatics_slave_descr_short}
Wild and savage, naked fanatics are always a threat but are at a disadvantage when fighting cavalry.

¬----------------

{naked_fanatics_spain}	Naked Fanatics

{naked_fanatics_spain_descr}
Impetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nThere are warriors among the barbarian ranks whose love of battle is such that they live for little else. Clad only in flimsy loincloths, the fanatics whip themselves into a frenzy by chanting, beating themselves and drinking heavily. In this state they make an unnerving sight on the battlefield! They are best sent into battle en masse, shocking the enemy by a ferocious charge, but they should be kept away from enemy cavalry.\n\nThey carry just swords and shields and have practically no discipline, but they can cause heavy casualties among most enemies. They fight mostly (if not completely) naked to emphasise their own fierceness and utter lack of fear. Scars and tattoos adorn their skin, and they let their hair grow wild. Only after a kill is their hair cut often with a sword blade while standing over a freshly dead foe.\n\nWhile their reckless courage is not in doubt, they can lack the cohesion and discipline to adapt to setbacks, breaking and running in confusion when subjected to severe pressure.

{naked_fanatics_spain_descr_short}
Wild and savage, naked fanatics are always a threat but are at a disadvantage when fighting cavalry.

¬----------------

{druids_briton}	Druids

{druids_briton_descr}
Very Hardy\nInspires Friendly Units\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nDruids are spiritual leaders with practical fighting skills who instill confidence in nearby friendly warriors. They have a religious zeal that gives them great courage and their mere presence fills nearby believers with confidence. Positioned just behind the battle line druids can also form a powerful reserve, ready to join the fray at a crucial moment.\n\nEquipped with sickle-shaped swords and small shields, the mail-clad druids are excellent fighters. Their good war gear is a reflection of their status as teachers, judges, soothsayers and the focal point of religion and magic among their people. As Celtic cultures lack a written form, they are also the memory of the tribe as well, remembering all the important facts of tribal history.\n\nHistorically, the Romans despised and then targeted these men because they practiced particularly savage forms of human sacrifice and because of their cultural importance. When a tribe's history was wiped out, it became a little easier to bend the people to the will of Rome.

{druids_briton_descr_short}
Druids are spiritual leaders with practical fighting skills who instill confidence in nearby friendly warriors. 

¬----------------

{druids_gaul}	Druids

{druids_gaul_descr}
Very Hardy\nInspires Friendly Units\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nDruids are spiritual leaders with practical fighting skills who instil confidence in nearby friendly warriors. They have a religious zeal that gives them great courage and their mere presence fills nearby believers with confidence. Positioned just behind the battle line druids can also form a powerful reserve, ready to join the fray at a crucial moment.\n\nEquipped with sickle-shaped swords and small shields, the mail-clad druids are excellent fighters. Their good war gear is a reflection of their status as teachers, judges, soothsayers and the focal point of religion and magic among their people. As Celtic cultures lack a written form, they are also the memory of the tribe as well, remembering all the important facts of tribal history.\n\nHistorically, the Romans despised and then targeted these men because they practiced particularly savage forms of human sacrifice and because of their cultural importance. When a tribe's history was wiped out, it became a little easier to bend the people to the will of Rome.

{druids_gaul_descr_short}
Druids are spiritual leaders with practical fighting skills who instil confidence in nearby friendly warriors. 

¬----------------

{druids_slave}	Druids

{druids_slave_descr}
Very Hardy\nInspires Friendly Units\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nDruids are spiritual leaders with practical fighting skills who instil confidence in nearby friendly warriors. They have a religious zeal that gives them great courage and their mere presence fills nearby believers with confidence. Positioned just behind the battle line druids can also form a powerful reserve, ready to join the fray at a crucial moment.\n\nEquipped with sickle-shaped swords and small shields, the mail-clad druids are excellent fighters. Their good war gear is a reflection of their status as teachers, judges, soothsayers and the focal point of religion and magic among their people. As Celtic cultures lack a written form, they are also the memory of the tribe as well, remembering all the important facts of tribal history.\n\nHistorically, the Romans despised and then targeted these men because they practiced particularly savage forms of human sacrifice and because of their cultural importance. When a tribe's history was wiped out, it became a little easier to bend the people to the will of Rome.

{druids_slave_descr_short}
Druids are spiritual leaders with practical fighting skills who instil confidence in nearby friendly warriors. 

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{night_raiders_german}	Night Raiders

{night_raiders_german_descr}
Hardy\nFrightens Infantry\n\nFor most armies, night is a time for withdrawing to camp and roasting a boar or two. For German night raiders, it’s the time to paint themselves and set out in search of enemies to slaughter.\n\nLightly armed infantry, the night raiders' value lies in their ability to spread terror. These warriors from the remote depths of the tangled German forests carry just a small shield and an axe, but weapons of iron and steel are only part of their armoury. Before battle, they daub their bodies with black dye, giving them an otherworldly appearance. When the moment is right, they charge - wild-eyed and screaming - at their foes. Any who survive assaults by these maniacal barbarians are convinced they are spirits sent from Hades!

{night_raiders_german_descr_short}
Night raiders are lightly armed shock troops whose appearance alone is fearful!

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{barb_berserker_german}	Berserkers

{barb_berserker_german_descr}
Berserker\nFrightens Infantry\nVery Hardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nBerserkers are extremely ferocious, aggressive, indomitable warriors with no thought for personal safety once the rage of battle comes upon them. They will use chants, strong drink, potions, rituals and even self mutilation to whip themselves into a fighting frenzy. Once the madness is upon them, little can stop them - their blood-crazed dash into the thick of combat is deeply disheartening (at best) to any who stand against them. They may try to cut their enemies to pieces in this state, but will think nothing of trying to gouge, bite, head butt and kick opponents to death as well.\n\nThey disdain armour as a sign of weakness, along with mercy, common sense and knowing when to stop fighting. They are supremely dangerous foes in close combat.

{barb_berserker_german_descr_short}
Berserkers are extremely ferocious, aggressive, indomitable warriors with no thought for personal safety once the rage of battle comes upon them.

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{screeching_women_german}	Screeching Women

{screeching_women_german_descr}
Wild\nFrightens Infantry\n\nGerman screeching women think nothing of participating in a battle, wailing encouragement to their own men as they fight, and screaming defiance at the enemy to unnerve them. It’s not uncommon for women to accompany armies on campaign, but few actually take to the battlefield. Germanic warriors are inordinately proud, so the prospect of facing the scorn of their women is more than many care to think about. While they wield their hatchets with gusto, their true value is in the unnerving effects they have on enemies - the foul ululations of these women can strike fear into the strongest of hearts! They are best positioned safely behind friendly infantry where, like dark and demented cheerleaders, they can avoid combat while creating their particular brand of intimidation.

{screeching_women_german_descr_short}
German screeching women think nothing of participating in a battle, wailing encouragement to their own men as they fight, and screaming defiance at the enemy to unnerve them. 

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{barb_cavalry_dacian}	Barbarian Cavalry

{barb_cavalry_dacian_descr}
Impetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nBarbarian cavalry are lightly armoured and carry spears and shields. They are best used as scouts and in pursuit of fleeing enemies, and ride sturdy, sure-footed ponies with a good turn of speed. Like many barbarian warriors, however, they can lack battle-discipline and be over-keen to enter battle against worthy opponents. Honour and standing come from fighting, and sometimes the urge for glory overwhelms good sense! These men are all good fighters, but find organised, formal warfare goes against the grain. They are unlikely to be very effective against steady infantry unless attacking from an unexpected direction.

{barb_cavalry_dacian_descr_short}
Barbarian cavalry are lightly armoured and carry spears. They are best used as scouts and in pursuit of fleeing enemies.

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{barb_cavalry_gaul}	Barbarian Cavalry

{barb_cavalry_gaul_descr}
Impetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nBarbarian cavalry are lightly armoured and carry spears and shields. They are best used as scouts and in pursuit of fleeing enemies, and ride sturdy, sure-footed ponies with a good turn of speed. Like many barbarian warriors, however, they can lack battle-discipline and be over-keen to enter battle against worthy opponents. Honour and standing come from fighting, and sometimes the urge for glory overwhelms good sense! These men are all good fighters, but find organised, formal warfare goes against the grain. They are unlikely to be very effective against steady infantry unless attacking from an unexpected direction.

{barb_cavalry_gaul_descr_short}
Barbarian cavalry are lightly armoured and carry spears. They are best used as scouts and in pursuit of fleeing enemies.

¬----------------

{barb_cavalry_german}	Barbarian Cavalry

{barb_cavalry_german_descr}
Impetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nBarbarian cavalry are lightly armoured and carry spears and shields. They are best used as scouts and in pursuit of fleeing enemies, and ride sturdy, sure-footed ponies with a good turn of speed. Like many barbarian warriors, however, they can lack battle-discipline and be over-keen to enter battle against worthy opponents. Honour and standing come from fighting, and sometimes the urge for glory overwhelms good sense! These men are all good fighters, but find organised, formal warfare goes against the grain. They are unlikely to be very effective against steady infantry unless attacking from an unexpected direction.

{barb_cavalry_german_descr_short}
Barbarian cavalry are lightly armoured and carry spears. They are best used as scouts and in pursuit of fleeing enemies.

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{barb_cavalry_scythian}	Barbarian Cavalry

{barb_cavalry_scythian_descr}
Impetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nBarbarian cavalry are lightly armoured and carry spears and shields. They are best used as scouts and in pursuit of fleeing enemies, and ride sturdy, sure-footed ponies with a good turn of speed. Like many barbarian warriors, however, they can lack battle-discipline and be over-keen to enter battle against worthy opponents. Honour and standing come from fighting, and sometimes the urge for glory overwhelms good sense! These men are all good fighters, but find organised, formal warfare goes against the grain. They are unlikely to be very effective against steady infantry unless attacking from an unexpected direction.

{barb_cavalry_scythian_descr_short}
Barbarian cavalry are lightly armoured and carry spears. They are best used as scouts and in pursuit of fleeing enemies.

¬----------------

{barb_cavalry_slave}	Barbarian Cavalry

{barb_cavalry_slave_descr}
Impetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nBarbarian cavalry are lightly armoured and carry spears and shields. They are best used as scouts and in pursuit of fleeing enemies, and ride sturdy, sure-footed ponies with a good turn of speed. Like many barbarian warriors, however, they can lack battle-discipline and be over-keen to enter battle against worthy opponents. Honour and standing come from fighting, and sometimes the urge for glory overwhelms good sense! These men are all good fighters, but find organised, formal warfare goes against the grain. They are unlikely to be very effective against steady infantry unless attacking from an unexpected direction.

{barb_cavalry_slave_descr_short}
Barbarian cavalry are lightly armoured and carry spears. They are best used as scouts and in pursuit of fleeing enemies.

¬----------------

{barb_noble_cavalry_dacian}	Barbarian Noble Cavalry

{barb_noble_cavalry_dacian_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nNoble cavalry are an elite in society as well as war, and fight bravely to justify their status. This can lead them to be headstrong, and difficult to restrain before a fight, as personal glory gained in battle is the only true measure of nobility. Their war gear of spears, shields and good chainmail is the very finest that can be provided.\n\nThey are best used to break weakened enemy formations, fight against other cavalry and pursue fleeing enemies. While they are brave men and superb horsemen, they lack the cohesion of more 'civilized' cavalry, and may not be as effective in a hand-to-hand fight. Shock and initial impact are their main weapons.

{barb_noble_cavalry_dacian_descr_short}
Noble cavalry are an elite in society as well as war, and fight bravely to justify their status. 

¬----------------

{barb_noble_cavalry_gaul}	Barbarian Noble Cavalry

{barb_noble_cavalry_gaul_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nNoble cavalry are an elite in society as well as war, and fight bravely to justify their status. This can lead them to be headstrong, and difficult to restrain before a fight, as personal glory gained in battle is the only true measure of nobility. Their war gear of spears, shields and good chainmail is the very finest that can be provided.\n\nThey are best used to break weakened enemy formations, fight against other cavalry and pursue fleeing enemies. While they are brave men and superb horsemen, they lack the cohesion of more 'civilized' cavalry, and may not be as effective in a hand-to-hand fight. Shock and initial impact are their main weapons.

{barb_noble_cavalry_gaul_descr_short}
Noble cavalry are an elite in society as well as war, and fight bravely to justify their status. 

¬----------------

{barb_noble_cavalry_german}	Barbarian Noble Cavalry

{barb_noble_cavalry_german_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nNoble cavalry are an elite in society as well as war, and fight bravely to justify their status. This can lead them to be headstrong, and difficult to restrain before a fight, as personal glory gained in battle is the only true measure of nobility. Their war gear of spears, shields and good chainmail is the very finest that can be provided.\n\nThey are best used to break weakened enemy formations, fight against other cavalry and pursue fleeing enemies. While they are brave men and superb horsemen, they lack the cohesion of more 'civilized' cavalry, and may not be as effective in a hand-to-hand fight. Shock and initial impact are their main weapons.

{barb_noble_cavalry_german_descr_short}
Noble cavalry are an elite in society as well as war, and fight bravely to justify their status. 

¬----------------

{barb_noble_cavalry_slave}	Barbarian Noble Cavalry

{barb_noble_cavalry_slave_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nNoble cavalry are an elite in society as well as war, and fight bravely to justify their status. This can lead them to be headstrong, and difficult to restrain before a fight, as personal glory gained in battle is the only true measure of nobility. Their war gear of spears, shields and good chainmail is the very finest that can be provided.\n\nThey are best used to break weakened enemy formations, fight against other cavalry and pursue fleeing enemies. While they are brave men and superb horsemen, they lack the cohesion of more 'civilized' cavalry, and may not be as effective in a hand-to-hand fight. Shock and initial impact are their main weapons.

{barb_noble_cavalry_slave_descr_short}
Noble cavalry are an elite in society as well as war, and fight bravely to justify their status. 

¬----------------

{gothic_cavalry_german}	Gothic Cavalry

{gothic_cavalry_german_descr}
Elite\nImpetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nGothic cavalry are an aristocratic - if such a word can be applied to barbarians - heavy cavalry elite of the German tribes. Having the wealth to risk a horse in battle requires status, and among barbarians this status is retained by acts of personal bravery. As a result, these men think little or nothing of danger, and are keen to be the first to come to grips with an enemy.\n\nThey are well armed and well armoured, having spears, heavy mail coats and shields. They are, however, prone to attacking whether or not it makes sense to their warlord - glory and honour are always worth pursuing, after all!\n\nThey are best employed at what they do best - hitting an enemy hard and repeatedly. Victory over the foe is always glorious, so they will not think less of an order to attack the flank or rear of an enemy unit.

{gothic_cavalry_german_descr_short}
Gothic cavalry are an aristocratic - if such a word can be applied to barbarians - heavy cavalry elite of the German tribes. 

¬----------------

{barb_horse_archers_scythian}	Scythian Horse Archers

{barb_horse_archers_scythian_descr}
Hardy\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nOn the vast steppes, the horse archer reigns supreme. \n\nThese riders are the product of generations spent perfecting the skills needed to effectively wield a bow while mounted. They can circle an enemy, thickening the air with arrows until they are sufficiently weakened for heavier troops to launch a main attack. Their superb horsemanship means catching them with a counter charge is difficult, even one with light cavalry.\n\nThe Scythians are not a squeamish people and cover their quivers with human skin, which is valued for its whiteness. They aren’t fastidious either, and many never wash themselves or their clothes! \n\nTheir horses are often smaller than those of other nations, partly because many Scythians ride geldings. These animals are, reputedly, less likely to snort and whinny, giving away their position inadvertently.

{barb_horse_archers_scythian_descr_short}
Deadly with a bow and highly mobile, Scythian horse archers are thorns in the side of many opponents.

¬----------------

{barb_horse_archers_slave}	Scythian Horse Archers

{barb_horse_archers_slave_descr}
Hardy\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nOn the vast steppes, the horse archer reigns supreme. \n\nThese riders are the product of generations spent perfecting the skills needed to They can circle an enemy, thickening the air with arrows until they are sufficiently weakened for heavier troops to launch a main attack. Their superb horsemanship means catching them with a counter charge is difficult, even one with light cavalry.

{barb_horse_archers_slave_descr_short}
Deadly with a bow and highly mobile, horse archers are thorns in the side of many opponents.

¬----------------

{barb_noble_horse_archers_scythian}	Scythian Noble Archers

{barb_noble_horse_archers_scythian_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nHorse-archery is the defining characteristic of warfare on the wide-open steppes of the east. Most nobles and their retinues from these territories are highly practiced in this deadly art from an early age. Scythian nobles are disciplined, following the well-established code of honour of the upper circles of their people. \n\nThese units of aristocratic mounted bowmen are composed of men of well above average station. They can afford a better class of equipment than typical horse archers, including coats of mail that hang to the rider’s knees when he is in the saddle. They also carry swords, and are not afraid to close for a melee if the opportunity presents itself but are sensible enough not to hurl themselves into the fray without orders.

{barb_noble_horse_archers_scythian_descr_short}
These Scythian nobles are armoured horse archers who are also well able to fight in melee.

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{head_hunting_maidens_scythian}	Head Hunting Maidens

{head_hunting_maidens_scythian_descr}
Wild\nImpetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nAmong many Scythian tribes, the culture of war is so strong that both sexes are admired for their prowess in combat. Head hunting maidens are a product of this ethos, and have a strong motive for drawing blood in battle: they are forbidden from marrying until they do so. In the same fashion as any other Scythian warrior, high-ranking maidens who fall in battle are given honour burials along with their weapons and equipment.\n\nFor all their valour, these virgin warriors are physically weaker than most of their male opponents. Consequently, they make good light cavalry, riding down and disrupting enemy archers and light infantry, but (for the sake of future generations if nothing else) they should be protected from the enemy’s stronger forces.

{head_hunting_maidens_scythian_descr_short}
Head hunting maidens are hot-headed light cavalry who are useful against skirmisher and missile troops.

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{scythian_nobles_scythian}	Scythian Nobles

{scythian_nobles_scythian_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nScythian nobles are superb horsemen: armoured lancers who can put many infantry units to flight. They are heavy cavalry who seek the good opinion of their people by acts of bravery. They are eager to prove their worth and the lure of glory is what drives them.\n\nThey are equipped as armoured lancers wearing heavy Scythian mail, reinforced with bronze and iron scales in vulnerable spots. They do not bother with shields so that both hands are free to manipulate the lance.\n\nOn the battlefield Scythian nobles are often used to break through an enemy line after it has been weakened by archery, carrying all before them in a disciplined, dangerous charge.

{scythian_nobles_scythian_descr_short}
Scythian nobles are superb horsemen: armoured lancers who can put many infantry units to flight.

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{scythian_noble_women_scythian}	Scythian Noble Women

{scythian_noble_women_scythian_descr}
Superior\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nScythian noble women are excellent and well-armoured horse archers, but they are vulnerable in close combat. Among the horse tribes of Scythia, it is expected that women of noble families will ride into battle alongside the men. These women provide valuable support to their male kin, softening up the enemy prior to the main battle with a deadly hail of missiles. They are excellent archers and riders, even by the standards of Scythian horsemen. They are armed with superbly accurate and powerful composite bows, but only carry knives for defence.\n\nThe martial culture of Scythia is not discriminatory when it comes to battle: Scythian women who fall in combat are usually buried with their war gear in the same way as the men. Some young girls even have their right breasts mutilated with a hot iron so they don’t restrict their right arms or a bow string. Perhaps such practices are the origin of the stories about the tribe of fearsome Amazon warrior women, said to rule a city hidden somewhere on the steppes!

{scythian_noble_women_scythian_descr_short}
Scythian noble women are excellent and well-armoured horse archers, but they are vulnerable in close combat.

¬----------------

{barb_onagers_dacian}	Onagers

{barb_onagers_dacian_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThe onager is a catapult jokingly named for the tremendous kick it has when fired at the enemy (an "onager" is a wild ass). This war machine is powered by a twisted spring of animal sinew ropes, the most elastic substance available. \n\nThe throwing arm is held in tension by the sinews. When pulled back and held by a catch it can fling a boulder with considerable speed and range. This version can be used for reducing stone fortifications, but it can also be used on the battlefield for destroying enemy artillery and harassing troops (although admittedly by killing some of them outright).\n\nThe onager can also be used to launch incendiary missiles such as fire pots, making it a versatile piece of artillery to any commander.

{barb_onagers_dacian_descr_short}
The onager is a versatile catapult that can launch boulders or incendiary fire pots at enemy troops and fortifications.

¬----------------

{barb_onagers_scythian}	Onagers

{barb_onagers_scythian_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThe onager is a catapult jokingly named for the tremendous kick it has when fired at the enemy (an "onager" is a wild ass). This war machine is powered by a twisted spring of animal sinew ropes, the most elastic substance available. \n\nThe throwing arm is held in tension by the sinews. When pulled back and held by a catch it can fling a boulder with considerable speed and range. This version can be used for reducing stone fortifications, but it can also be used on the battlefield for destroying enemy artillery and harassing troops (although admittedly by killing some of them outright).\n\nThe onager can also be used to launch incendiary missiles such as fire pots, making it a versatile piece of artillery to any commander.

{barb_onagers_scythian_descr_short}
The onager is a versatile catapult that can launch boulders or incendiary fire pots at enemy troops and fortifications.

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{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_dacian}	Barbarian Warlord

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_dacian_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nA barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis.\n\nEvery warlord commands by right of personal courage as much as tactical skill, and must prove himself in battle. He and his guards are equipped as cavalry with spears, leather armour and shields so that they can dash to any point on the battlefield. The warlord can inspire his men to greater efforts just by his presence, and also has enough men to be a significant force should the need arise.

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_dacian_descr_short}
A barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis. 

¬----------------

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_gaul}	Barbarian Warlord

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_gaul_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nA barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis.\n\nEvery warlord commands by right of personal courage as much as tactical skill, and must prove himself in battle. He and his guards are equipped as cavalry with spears, leather armour and shields so that they can dash to any point on the battlefield. The warlord can inspire his men to greater efforts just by his presence, and also has enough men to be a significant force should the need arise.

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_gaul_descr_short}
A barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis. 

¬----------------

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_german}	Barbarian Warlord

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_german_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nA barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis.\n\nEvery warlord commands by right of personal courage as much as tactical skill, and must prove himself in battle. He and his guards are equipped as cavalry with spears, leather armour and shields so that they can dash to any point on the battlefield. The warlord can inspire his men to greater efforts just by his presence, and also has enough men to be a significant force should the need arise.

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_german_descr_short}
A barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis. 

¬----------------

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_scythian}	Barbarian Warlord

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_scythian_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nA barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis.\n\nEvery warlord commands by right of personal courage as much as tactical skill, and must prove himself in battle. He and his guards are equipped as cavalry with spears, leather armour and shields so that they can dash to any point on the battlefield. The warlord can inspire his men to greater efforts just by his presence, and also has enough men to be a significant force should the need arise.

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_scythian_descr_short}
A barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis. 

¬----------------

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_slave}	Barbarian Warlord

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_slave_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nA barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis.\n\nEvery warlord commands by right of personal courage as much as tactical skill, and must prove himself in battle. He and his guards are equipped as cavalry with spears, leather armour and shields so that they can dash to any point on the battlefield. The warlord can inspire his men to greater efforts just by his presence, and also has enough men to be a significant force should the need arise.

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_early_slave_descr_short}
A barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis. 

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{barb_british_general_briton}	Barbarian Warlord

{barb_british_general_briton_descr}
Hardy\nFrightens Infantry\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nChariots are a pinnacle of Celtic technology and an effective machine of war. So it’s no surprise to see tribal leaders driving them into battle accompanied by groups of bodyguards. It is important that a warlord has a group of hardened warriors around him to go into the thick of battle to prove that he is not only a great leader but also a great warrior.\n\nBarbarian warlords hold their positions of trust and command not just through their tactical skill but because they are personally brave and resolute. No warrior willingly follows a coward, and no coward has the right to ask his brothers-in-arms to throw their lives away.

{barb_british_general_briton_descr_short}
British warlords ride to battle in chariots. They put fear into the hearts of enemies, and courage into the hearts of followers.

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{barb_scythian_chieftain_cavalry_scythian}	Barbarian Warlord

{barb_scythian_chieftain_cavalry_scythian_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nA barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis.\n\nEvery warlord commands by right of personal courage as much as tactical skill, and must prove himself in battle. He and his guards are equipped as cavalry with lances, heavy mail and shields so that they can dash to any point on the battlefield. The warlord can inspire his men to greater efforts just by his presence, and also has enough men to be a significant force should the need arise.

{barb_scythian_chieftain_cavalry_scythian_descr_short}
A barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These lancer cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis. 

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{carthaginian_peasant}	Peasants

{carthaginian_peasant_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nPeasants are reluctant warriors, but numbers are useful in all armies. Forcing peasants to fight is one way of getting lots of men in the field quickly and cheaply. They have little tactical sense, and even less willingness to fight - they would rather be defending their own homes rather than be dragged to a battle they neither care about nor understand. But if nothing else, they are useful when there's digging to be done! They are, however, experts at reading the land and hiding whenever there is cover.

{carthaginian_peasant_descr_short}
Peasants are reluctant warriors, at best. Going to war is just one more burden of a hard life.

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{carthaginian_slinger}	Slingers

{carthaginian_slinger_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nSlingers are highly skilled missile troops but are at a huge disadvantage in hand-to-hand combat, especially against cavalry. They can maintain a sustained and concentrated barrage on enemies and then fall back rapidly to avoid hand-to-hand combat. Slingers carry a shoulder bag with many pieces of lead shot (they can also use stones picked up on the battlefield) and several spare slings including slings of different length for greater or lesser range. Other than a knife and a small shield, they carry no other equipment.

{carthaginian_slinger_descr_short}
Slingers are highly skilled missile troops but are at a huge disadvantage in hand-to-hand combat, especially against cavalry.

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{carthaginian_archer}	Archers

{carthaginian_archer_descr}
Can Fire Incendiary Missiles\nSapping Ability\n\nArchers are rightly feared for the casualties they can inflict, but they are vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat.\n\nThey are drawn from the peasant classes of all societies, as these are the people who need to be skilled hunters in order to survive. Learning to use a bow well is something that takes a lifetime and constant practice, and putting food on the table provides good practice.\n\nThey are best used to weaken enemy formations, or placed in a spot where they can retreat and find protection from other troops.

{carthaginian_archer_descr_short}
Archers are rightly feared for the casualties they can inflict, but they are vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat.

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{carthaginian_city_militia}	Town Militia

{carthaginian_city_militia_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nTown militia are trained bands of citizens dragged from their homes and shops, given a spear each and some rudimentary training before they are thrown into battle. Their war gear is literally no more than a cheap shield and a spear, so they are defensive troops best used against light cavalry. They should not be expected to stand unsupported against an enemy, and until they have been seasoned by surviving a battle or two they shouldn't be expected to do much more than defend themselves! They are, however, cost effective to raise.

{carthaginian_city_militia_descr_short}
Town militia are trained bands of citizens dragged from their homes and shops, given a spear each and some rudimentary training.

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{carthaginian_medium_infantry}	Libyan Spearmen

{carthaginian_medium_infantry_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nLibyan spearmen are best when defending against cavalry, but can hold a battle line for a while when required. They are recruited from among the lower orders of Carthaginian society, and given basic training in how to handle their spears and war gear. They are better equipped than, say, militia, as they have light leather armour as well as shields and helmets. Their training also makes them effective in battle, as they are unlikely to cut and run in the same way as a militia unit.

{carthaginian_medium_infantry_descr_short}
Libyan spearmen are best when defending against cavalry, but can hold a battle line for a while when required.

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{carthaginian_heavy_infantry}	Poeni Infantry

{carthaginian_heavy_infantry_descr}
Superior\nSapping Ability\n\nThese heavy spear infantry are drawn from the self-reliant Carthaginian citizenry, and make superior soldiers. Poeni infantry are heavy spearmen, armed with heavy thrusting spears and swords. They are well armoured in chainmail, carry large shields, and are some of the best troops to use as an 'anchor' for a battle line. They can hold off cavalry attacks and fight against other infantry when required.

{carthaginian_heavy_infantry_descr_short}
These heavy Poeni infantry are drawn from the self-reliant Carthaginian citizenry, and make superior all-round soldiers. 

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{carthaginian_sacred_band}	Sacred Band

{carthaginian_sacred_band_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nSapping Ability\nCan Form Phalanx\n\nThe Sacred Band is the elite infantry of any Carthaginian army and can be relied upon to do their duty to the end. They are equipped and organised in the same fashion as Greek hoplites, with long spears, large shields, breastplates and helmets, and they can use phalanx tactics. This is a style of warmaking that has proved its worth over the centuries.\n\nThey are drawn from the social elite of Carthage, men of noble and wealthy birth and their loyalty is exemplary. The original purpose of the Sacred Band was to act as an officer corps for the Carthaginian army and an elite force, and to put Carthage above any local loyalties. Opponents have learned that these men are formidable in battle, a linchpin for the entire Carthaginian army!

{carthaginian_sacred_band_descr_short}
The Sacred Band is the elite infantry of any Carthaginian army and can be relied upon to do their duty to the end. 

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{bull_warriors}	Bull Warriors

{bull_warriors_descr}
Elite\nImpetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nAmong the doughty folk of the Spanish hills the bull warriors are men whose bravery, stamina and skill is unmatched. These elite fighters are shock troops who disregard all danger when cutting their enemies to pieces. Carrying only a sword and shield they do not look much of a threat, a mistaken assessment that enemies rarely get to make twice! This is particularly true of they manage to ambush enemy forces. They fear no men and their over-eagerness to join a battle can be problematic, but like all foot soldiers, they need to be wary of cavalry.\n\nBull warriors derive their name from the distinctive horned helmets which they wear.

{bull_warriors_descr_short}
Bull warriors are men whose bravery, stamina and skill are unmatched. These elite fighters are shock troops.

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{numidian_javelinmen}	Numidian Javelinmen

{numidian_javelinmen_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nNumidian javelinmen are fast moving skirmishers trained from infancy in the use of the javelin for hunting. They are recruited from amongst nomadic peoples who need their weapon skills to survive in harsh conditions.\n\nThey are best employed to harry enemies and thin their ranks with volleys of missiles. They should avoid being sucked into hand-to-hand combat, as their knives are more useful in skinning animals than killing men; also, other than a small shield they have no armour.\n\nHistorically, Numidian justice was extremely harsh on deserters and cowards: crucifixion was a common punishment.

{numidian_javelinmen_descr_short}
Numidian javelinmen are fast moving skirmishers trained from infancy in the use of the javelin.  

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{numidian_desert_warriors}	Desert Infantry

{numidian_desert_warriors_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nSapping Ability\n\nThese hardy folk from the fringes of the Sahara make excellent spearmen, well suited to defending against cavalry. They are tough troops used to eking out an existence in the unforgiving desert periphery. The prospect of a punishing march across great distances to these robust people is almost as familiar to them as the passing of each day. Equipped with spears and large shields of wood and animal hide, battle holds few fears for these people - life in a desert gives people a certain fatalism.\n\nThey are some of the best fighters available to Numidian commanders, but their lack of formal training is a slight weakness. 

{numidian_desert_warriors_descr_short}
These hardy folk from the fringes of the Sahara make excellent spearmen, well suited to defending against cavalry.

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{numidian_legionaries}	Numidian Legionaries

{numidian_legionaries_descr}
Disciplined\nHardy\nSapping Ability\n\nNumidian Legionaries are local copies of Roman Legionaries, but lack the truly awesome discipline of the originals. They have had training from Roman advisors, and this makes them the best trained of all Numidian soldiery. They cannot, however, use tactics like the tortoise (or testudo) when approaching enemy formations, but they do fight in the same fashion as the original Legionaries, first throwing heavy spears (pila) at the enemy and then closing for hand-to-hand combat.\n\nA combination of rugged upbringing and harsh training makes them reliable and slow to tire in combat: a Numidian force can be sure that these men will do their duty.

{numidian_legionaries_descr_short}
Numidian Legionaries are local copies of Roman Legionaries, but lack the truly awesome discipline of the originals. This still makes them dangerous foes.

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{carthaginian_medium_cavalry}	Long Shield Cavalry

{carthaginian_medium_cavalry_descr}
Superior\nCan Form Wedge\n\nLong shield cavalry are spear-armed light cavalry, who can be used to break enemy formations, drive off skirmishers and pursue fleeing foes. This makes them a flexible and powerful force for any commander to have under his hand. They can also fight effectively in melee after a charge, as they carry swords of the falcata design. These are cunningly balanced so that the weight is towards the tip of the sword, giving a powerful cutting blow. Against spearmen, however, they can be at a disadvantage.

{carthaginian_medium_cavalry_descr_short}
Long shield cavalry are spear-armed light cavalry, who can be used to break enemy formations, drive off skirmishers and pursue fleeing foes. 

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{carthaginian_generals_cavalry_early}	General's Bodyguard

{carthaginian_generals_cavalry_early_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nThis general has a bodyguard of loyal spear-armed cavalry to accompany him onto the field. Armed with spears, these men are shock cavalry, able to deliver a devastating charge attack; they are then well trained enough to fight effectively in continued hand-to-hand combat.\n\nLike all general's guards, this unit is best committed to the fight at the point of crisis, when the general's inspirational leadership and the combat power of his men can tip the balance.

{carthaginian_generals_cavalry_early_descr_short}
This general has a bodyguard of loyal spear-armed cavalry to accompany him onto the field.

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{carthaginian_royal_cavalry}	Sacred Band Cavalry

{carthaginian_royal_cavalry_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nCan Form Wedge\n\nSacred Band cavalry are an elite in Carthaginian warfare and society. They fight as heavy cavalry, but with a level of discipline and élan that is rarely matched in other nations. They carry spears and wear good armour, so that they can charge home with devastating effect. They are the devoted servants of Astarte, handed over to the temple and state by their patrician families for military duties rather than ritual sacrifice.\n\nHistorically, the great Carthaginian general Hannibal took units of the Sacred Band over the Alps and into Italy; even though they got no reinforcements from home two-thirds of these men were still fighting after 14 years of campaigning. 

{carthaginian_royal_cavalry_descr_short}
The Sacred Band fight as heavy cavalry, armed with spears and swords and well armoured to boot. They are an elite in Carthaginian warfare and society.

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{numidian_cavalry}	Numidian Cavalry

{numidian_cavalry_descr}
Hardy\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nNumidia produces some of the finest cavalry in all Africa, if not the Western Mediterranean world. Armed with javelins, these mounted skirmishers can be a nightmare for an opponent as it can prove practically impossible to pin them down in combat.\n\nTheir tactics are to pelt the enemy with deadly volleys of javelins, and then swiftly retreat when charged. If the enemy stand, they are slaughtered with volleys of javelins, and if they run the Numidian cavalry can ride them down!\n\nInstinctive riders, the Numidians are famed for not using a saddle or reins, using only a stick to direct their horses. Nevertheless, they manoeuvre with the 'grace of a flock of birds'.\n\nHaving adapted to the broken expanses of their homelands, Numidian cavalry have great stamina, and they are also experts in their form of the Cantabrian circle attack.

{numidian_cavalry_descr_short}
Numidian cavalry are superb skirmish cavalry that weakens the enemy with javelins. 

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{numidian_camel_riders}	Numidian Camel Riders

{numidian_camel_riders_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\nBonus vs. Cavalry\n\nThese tough desert warriors are 'camel lancers', exploiting the speed of their mounts and the fear effect that camels cause to horses. The kings of Numidia are wise indeed to exploit this pool of skilled fighters. These are also a hardy people, and can put up with many privations thanks to their desert upbringing.\n\nThey are not the strongest cavalry in the world, but they can surprisingly effective against both infantry and especially other (horse) cavalry. Armed with spears and carrying large shields, they are not at their best in protracted melees, but used as hit-and-run raiders they can be very effective.

{numidian_camel_riders_descr_short}
These tough desert warriors are camel lancers, exploiting the speed of their mounts and the fear effect that camels cause to horses. 

¬----------------

{carthaginian_warhounds}	Warhounds

{carthaginian_warhounds_descr}
Warhounds are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting mountain lions! The beasts are muscular and powerful. Originally bred for hunting large prey, they are now trained to hunt and attack men. Warhounds are usually unleashed on an enemy to break a line and unnerve opponents. Few men are able to stand steadily in the face of a snarling and partially-starved beast. The hounds are trained to bite and hold on, dragging down their human targets, and hamstringing horses.\n\nTheir handlers are brave and not easily intimidated: many have fingers, hands or even chunks of limbs missing!

{carthaginian_warhounds_descr_short}
Warhounds are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild mountain lions!

¬----------------

{carthaginian_elephant_forest}	Elephants

{carthaginian_elephant_forest_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nCan Run Amok\nFrightens Infantry\nFrightens Cavalry\n\nElephants are a terrifying spectacle to opposing troops, well able to smash battle lines and toss men aside like dogs with rats.\n\nStanding at just over two metres tall at the shoulder, these particular animals are rather tractable and can be trained for warfare relatively easily. They are fast moving, able to trample and gore enemies seemingly at will when being urged on by their riders. They are a living battering ram aimed at the enemy battle line. When pursuing enemies they can be even more deadly. \n\nEach elephant is unarmoured, but many blows simply glance off the tough hide. Only a single rider is carried.

{carthaginian_elephant_forest_descr_short}
Elephants are a terrifying spectacle to opposing troops, well able to smash battle lines and toss men aside like dogs with rats.

¬----------------

{carthaginian_elephant_african}	War Elephants

{carthaginian_elephant_african_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nCan Run Amok\nFrightens Infantry\nFrightens Cavalry\n\nWar elephants are fierce and terrible beasts, able to trample men and horses into the dirt. Over three metres tall at the shoulder, these are large and bad-tempered animals, and they have been known to run wild with fear and anger in battle. When this happens no one - friend or foe - is safe. For this reason the driver always carries a small mallet and a spike so that he can kill the animal if necessary by driving the spike into the base of the skull.\n\nThe crew are armed with bows to shoot down into tightly packed enemy formations, but the elephant itself is also a weapon: it can trample and gore men easily, hurling them around like rag dolls.

{carthaginian_elephant_african_descr_short}
War elephants are fierce and terrible beasts, able to trample men and horses into the dirt. 

¬----------------

{carthaginian_onagers}	Onagers

{carthaginian_onagers_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThe onager is a catapult jokingly named for the tremendous kick it has when fired at the enemy (an "onager" is a wild ass). This war machine is powered by a twisted spring of animal sinew ropes, the most elastic substance available. \n\nThe throwing arm is held in tension by the sinews. When pulled back and held by a catch it can fling a boulder with considerable speed and range. This version can be used for reducing stone fortifications, but it can also be used on the battlefield for destroying enemy artillery and harassing troops (although admittedly by killing some of them outright).\n\nThe onager can also be used to launch incendiary missiles such as firepots, making it a versatile piece of artillery to any commander.

{carthaginian_onagers_descr_short}
The onager is a versatile catapult that can launch boulders or incendiary firepots at enemy troops and fortifications.

¬----------------

{east_peasant}	Peasants

{east_peasant_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nPeasants are reluctant warriors, but numbers are useful in all armies. Forcing peasants to fight is one way of getting lots of men in the field quickly and cheaply. They have little tactical sense, and even less willingness to fight - they would rather be defending their own homes than be dragged to a battle they neither care about nor understand. But if nothing else, they are useful when there's digging to be done! They are, however, experts at reading the land and hiding whenever there is cover.

{east_peasant_descr_short}
Peasants are reluctant warriors, at best. Going to war is just one more burden of a hard life.

¬----------------

{east_peltast}	Peltasts

{east_peltast_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\nCan Hide in Long Grass\nSapping Ability\n\nEastern peltasts rush forward to pepper an enemy with javelins, and then withdraw in good order before a counter-attack can be organised. They are skirmishers and not intended to hold a position in a battle line. Instead, their job is to harass and disrupt enemy units as well as screen the main force of the army. They are also adept - as their abilities would suggest - at staging tactical ambushes.\n\nPeltasts are equipped with a clutch of javelins, a sword and a light shield, the pelte, which gives them their name as 'pelte-bearers'. They wear no other armour, and rely on speed as the best form of protection. 

{east_peltast_descr_short}
Eastern peltasts rush forward to pepper an enemy with javelins, and then withdraw in good order before a counter-attack can be organised. 

¬----------------

{east_slinger}	Slingers

{east_slinger_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nSlingers are highly skilled missile troops but are at a huge disadvantage in hand-to-hand combat, especially against cavalry. They can maintain a sustained and concentrated barrage on enemies and then fall back rapidly to avoid hand-to-hand combat. Slingers carry a shoulder bag with many pieces of lead shot (they can also use stones picked up on the battlefield) and several spare slings including slings of different length for greater or lesser range. Other than a knife and a small shield, they carry no other equipment.

{east_slinger_descr_short}
Slingers are highly skilled missile troops but are at a huge disadvantage in hand-to-hand combat, especially against cavalry.

¬----------------

{east_archer}	Archers

{east_archer_descr}
Can Fire Incendiary Missiles\nSapping Ability\n\nArchers are rightly feared for the casualties they can inflict, but they are vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat.\n\nThey are drawn from the peasant classes of all societies, as these are the people who need to be skilled hunters in order to survive. Learning to use a bow well is something that takes a lifetime and constant practice, and putting food on the table provides good practice.\n\nThey are best used to weaken enemy formations, or placed in a spot where they can retreat and find protection from other troops.

{east_archer_descr_short}
Archers are rightly feared for the casualties they can inflict, but they are vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat.

¬----------------

{east_hillmen}	Hillmen

{east_hillmen_descr}
Impetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\nCan Hide in Long Grass\nSapping Ability\n\nTo outsiders, the hillmen are a wild savage people, but they are also skilled hunters, making them superb ambushers. Although only armed with spears and shields, they are a valuable addition to many forces. Their skills at reading ground allow them to hide where others cannot, and this makes them valuable to commanders with a penchant for tactical ambushes.\n\nThey are expert raiders and thieves (often taking sheep and goats from their lowland neighbours) and this is, unfortunately, something that makes them occasionally difficult to control. They do not see any need for military formalities!

{east_hillmen_descr_short}
The hillmen are a wild, savage people but they are skilled hunters, making them superb ambushers.

¬----------------

{east_infantry}	Eastern Infantry

{east_infantry_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nEastern infantry are easily recruited militia-spearmen, who are good for defence against less able opponents. They are drawn from among the peasantry and urban poor, given minimal training and sent into battle. They are, however, given large shields.\n\nIndividually, they are not outstanding warriors, but as a group they have their uses in holding off light cavalry; even medium and heavier troops will be unwilling to charge into a forest of spear points.

{east_infantry_descr_short}
Eastern infantry are easily recruited militia-spearmen, who are good for defence against less able opponents.

¬----------------

{east_heavy_infantry}	Heavy Spearmen

{east_heavy_infantry_descr}
Can Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nHeavy spearmen can be the backbone of an Eastern army and are well able to take on many opponents. Their war gear includes long spears, chainmail and round shields.They can withstand attacks by most cavalry, and the training they have received allows them to form phalanx and carry an attack to an enemy infantry line. Against skirmishers and other missile troops, however, they require some support.\n\nThese men are recruited from the native population, not from among the Greek stratum of society that exists in all the Successor states, so they do not have the discipline of the 'hoplite ethos' in their training. They are still, however, worthwhile troops.

{east_heavy_infantry_descr_short}
Heavy spearmen can be the backbone of an Eastern army and are well able to take on many opponents.

¬----------------

{east_hoplite}	Phalanx Pikemen

{east_hoplite_descr}
Can Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nPhalanx pikemen, or phalangites, are well-drilled infantry who fight best as solid mass of men. They are armed with an enormously long pike, or sarissa, often 4-5m in length. This is the weapon that Alexander's armies used, and it has remained popular in all the Successor states that sprang up in his collapsed empire, even though most of the men recruited to fight as pikemen are neither Macedonian nor Greek by descent. It is popular because the first five ranks can present their pikes to the enemy creating a mobile forest of sharpened metal, while those further back hold them at a 45 degree angle to deflect enemy arrows.\n\nIn phalanx formation these men can advance in a disciplined mass and 'push' against an enemy line, often breaking through in the process as few enemies will stand in the face of so many spear points coming towards them! Indeed, from the front a phalanx can be almost invulnerable. 

{east_hoplite_descr_short}
Phalanx pikemen, or phalangites, are well-drilled infantry who fight best as solid mass of men.

¬----------------

{bronze_shield}	Bronze Shields

{bronze_shield_descr}
Superior\nDisciplined\nHardy\nCan Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nBronze shields are the elite of the army of Pontus, heirs to the world-conquering phalanxes of Alexander! They are lightly armoured and carry a small shield, and each carries an enormously long pike, or sarissa. This 4-5m long spear allows up to five ranks of Bronze Shields to bring their weapons to bear on the enemy, while those further back can protect the front ranks by angling their pikes to deflect missile fire. When deployed as a phalanx they are extremely formidable unless outflanked, attacked from the rear or subjected to intense missile fire. Their superior discipline, training and espirit de corps makes them slow to tire on the battlefield as well.\n\nBronze shields are the successors to the hoplite warrior traditions of Greece and Macedonia; to carry a bronze shield means that you are worthy of honour and that your family has social standing.

{bronze_shield_descr_short}
Bronze shields are the elite of the army of Pontus, among the heirs of the world-conquering phalanxes of Alexander!

¬----------------

{armenian_legionaries}	Armenian Legionaries

{armenian_legionaries_descr}
Disciplined\nHardy\nSapping Ability\n\nArmenian legionaries are an attempt to copy the fighting style and skills of the Roman Legions, and give other commanders the war-winning troops of Rome. Although armed and equipped in the manner of Roman legionaries, with iron-shafted throwing spears (pila), short swords, chainmail and large shields, these men are not of quite the same quality as the originals. Armenians are hardy folk and do not tire easily. It is true, and they have accepted the iron discipline that legionary training requires, but the quality of that training is not quite up to Roman standards. They are good heavy infantry once seasoned, but poor training means they cannot use the famous tortoise (testudo) formation. That said, they can still give a nasty shock to any enemy - their fighting style of bombarding an enemy with pila and then closing for the kill is just as effective when performed by Armenians as it is when Romans do the job!

{armenian_legionaries_descr_short}
Armenian legionaries are an attempt to copy the fighting style and skills of the Roman Legions, and give other commanders the war-winning troops of Rome. 

¬----------------

{east_cavalry}	Pontic Light Cavalry

{east_cavalry_descr}
Can Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nPontic light cavalry are javelin-armed mounted skirmishers who can strike quickly and be gone in the time it takes a more ponderous enemy to react. They do not wear armour, but do carry shields and swords so that they can fight in hand-to-hand combat should the need arise. They are, however, best used to dash in and harass a mass of enemies such as heavy infantry who cannot hope to catch them. They are not ideally suited to fighting other skirmishers - many of their javelins will be wasted against targets who can dodge, after all - but they can be very useful in harrying fleeing enemies and driving them from the field.

{east_cavalry_descr_short}
Pontic light cavalry are javelin-armed mounted skirmishers who can strike quickly and be gone before the enemy reacts.

¬----------------

{east_heavy_cavalry}	Pontic Heavy Cavalry

{east_heavy_cavalry_descr}
Superior\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nPontic heavy cavalry are javelin-armed horsemen who can also fight hand-to-hand - a potent combination in one force! They wear light chainmail armour and carry shields and swords so that they can close with opponents and fight when the situation requires. Their primary means of attack, however, remains the javelins that they carry. They can pepper an enemy with missiles and then have the option of closing to deliver the coup de grace, or they can withdraw and await another opportunity for mischief!\n\nThey are not ideally suited to fighting other skirmishers - many of their javelins will be wasted against targets who can dodge, after all - but they can be very useful in driving broken enemies from the field.

{east_heavy_cavalry_descr_short}
Pontic heavy cavalry are javelin-armed horsemen who can also fight hand-to-hand - a potent combination in one force!

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{east_heavy_cataphract}	Cataphracts

{east_heavy_cataphract_descr}
Superior\nCan Form Wedge\n\nCataphracts are extremely heavily-armoured cavalry who can turn a battle with one thunderous charge. They are the ultimate in shock cavalry, an armoured battering ram to crash into an enemy position and sweep aside all who stand against them. They are armed with heavy lances for the initial charge and maces for use in close combat. They wear armour that is almost unmatched for weight and protection, and their horses are similarly armoured. On the move they are a wall of metal bearing down on enemies, tipped with razor-sharp spear points.\n\nTheir armour is their main strength, but it also means that these troops can be quite ponderous and slow moving. That said, sheer weight means that they can often break through (or ride over) an enemy line without too much trouble.

{east_heavy_cataphract_descr_short}
Cataphracts are extremely heavily-armoured shock cavalry who can turn a battle with one thunderous charge.

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{east_cappodocian_cavalry}	Cappadocian Cavalry

{east_cappodocian_cavalry_descr}
Superior\nCan Form Wedge\n\nCappadocian lancers are excellent horsemen, best suited to charging into and breaking through enemy formations. They are not as headstrong as other elite heavy cavalry and will not charge without orders - war is a serious business that has little room for vainglorious folly. They wear heavy chainmail and carry swords for use in close combat once the initial charge is over and momentum has been lost. While not in quite the same class as the super-heavy cataphracts from nearby Armenia, these men are a powerful force. They should not, however, be expected to charge into prepared spearmen.\n\nCappadocia is a region that is famed for its cavalry, and these men are rightly feared throughout Asia Minor.

{east_cappodocian_cavalry_descr_short}
Cappadocian lancers are excellent horsemen, best suited to charging into and breaking through enemy formations.

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{eat_persian_cavalry}	Persian Cavalry

{eat_persian_cavalry_descr}
Superior\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nPersian cavalry can fight well with either bow or sword, making them valuable skirmishers and general purpose horsemen. They can trace their lineage back to the tribes of the steppes, and this tradition gives them fine skills with both the horse and the compound bow. They wear mail armour and carry swords so that they can defend themselves at need, or even carry the attack to lighter opponents, but they are primarily fine horse archers, able to ruin formations of solidly-packed enemies.\n\nA skilled commander will use these troops in cooperation with heavier cataphracts when he can, softening up an opponent with missiles before delivering an armoured punch, or beating an enemy down before driving them from the field with lighter pursuers.

{eat_persian_cavalry_descr_short}
Persian cavalry can fight well with either bow or sword, making them valuable skirmishers and general purpose horsemen.

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{east_cataphract_archer}	Cataphract Archers

{east_cataphract_archer_descr}
Superior\n\nCataphract archers are very heavily armoured, but slow, horse-archers that are almost impervious to attacks and can fight in close combat. They are not as armoured as cataphract lancers, yet most enemy missiles are turned aside quite easily. Mobility and speed have been sacrificed to provide protection. Their composite bows allow them to attack enemies at long range, but they also carry swords so that - if needs be - they can close up and fight hand-to-hand.\n\nThe weight of cataphract archers means that they are 'heavier' than most shock cavalry but this is not their primary purpose. Being able to fight in close combat should be seen as a bonus to their primary abilities.

{east_cataphract_archer_descr_short}
Cataphract archers are very heavily armoured, but slow, horse-archers that are almost impervious to attacks and can fight in close combat.

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{east_horse_archer}	Horse Archers

{east_horse_archer_descr}
Can Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nHorse archers are a speciality of the East: swift horses and expert marksmen make a deadly combination. They are armed with a powerful bow and a dagger for defence, but they are not armoured and should not be expected to fight other than to escape. Horse archers rely on the maxim that 'speed is armour' to keep them out of trouble. Infantry have no hope of catching them, but other cavalry may be able to chase them down. Wise eastern commanders know this, and deploy horse archers with other cavalry to act as a deterrent to over-ambitious pursuit by an enemy.\n\nIf horse archers have a weakness it is that of all soldiers armed with composite bows: these weapons do not take well to damp or wet weather, as the glues used to construct them become weakened. While this is seldom a problem in their home provinces, it can be in wetter climes.

{east_horse_archer_descr_short}
Horse archers are a speciality of the East: swift horses and expert marksmen make a deadly combination.

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{east_camel_cataphract}	Cataphract Camels

{east_camel_cataphract_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nCan Form Wedge\nBonus vs. Cavalry\n\nCataphract camels are well armoured - camel and rider both - shock cavalry. Their primary purpose is to charge into the enemy, using weight and speed to cause additional disruption. The riders carry lances for the initial charge and long maces to continue fighting once in hand-to-hand combat. Recruited from among desert dwelling peoples these soldiers rely on their heavy armour for protection, and their camels are equally well protected. This heavy armour also means that, while they are slow to get moving, they are almost unstoppable in a full charge.\n\nThey can be used against infantry like any other cataphracts, but their chief virtue is that the smell of the camels upsets horses, giving them an edge when fighting against cavalry.

{east_camel_cataphract_descr_short}
Cataphract camels are well armoured - camel and rider both - shock cavalry who use weight and speed to cause additional disruption.

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{east_elephant_african}	War Elephants

{east_elephant_african_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nCan Run Amok\nFrightens Infantry\nFrightens Cavalry\n\nWar elephants are fierce and terrible beasts, able to trample men and horses into the dirt. Over three metres tall at the shoulder, these are large and bad-tempered animals, and they have been known to run wild with fear and anger in battle. When this happens no one - friend or foe - is safe. For this reason the driver always carries a small mallet and a spike so that he can kill the animal if necessary by driving the spike into the base of the skull.\n\nThe crew are armed with bows to shoot down into tightly packed enemy formations, but the elephant itself is also a weapon: it can trample and gore men easily, hurling them around like rag dolls.

{east_elephant_african_descr_short}
War elephants are fierce and terrible beasts, able to trample men and horses into the dirt. 

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{east_chariot}	Scythed Chariots

{east_chariot_descr}
Elite\nImpetuous\nCan Run Amok\nFrightens Infantry\n\nScythed chariots are fearsome devices, covered in scythe blades to cut down any infantry foolish enough to stand when charged. Metal blades stick out from every axle like malign horns to cut down infantry. They are, however, somewhat uncontrollable: these units are not only so keen to attack the enemy that they will do so without orders, but also can run amok and attack anyone - friend or foe alike - who happens to be nearby. These are not subtle troops, and their chief power lies in a headlong charge into an enemy formation.\n\nEach chariot is pulled by powerful horses, and the driver is heavily armoured.

{east_chariot_descr_short}
Scythed chariots are fearsome devices, covered in scythe blades to cut down any infantry foolish enough to stand still when charged.

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{east_chariot_archer}	Chariot Archers

{east_chariot_archer_descr}
Elite\nFrightens Infantry\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nChariot archers are highly skilled - they can hit targets while their chariots are moving at high speed. The scythes attached to each chariot axle make them even more deadly. They have the speed of cavalry and the staying power of infantry, and this makes them a powerful weapon for any commander. Each chariot is under the control of a driver, leaving the archers to concentrate on their killing work; all wear high quality chainmail armour.

{east_chariot_archer_descr_short}
Chariot archers are highly skilled - they can hit targets while their chariots are moving at high speed.

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{east_pontic_generals}	Eastern General

{east_pontic_generals_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nThis general has a bodyguard of loyal and mail armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field. Armed with spears, these men are very good shock cavalry, able to deliver a devastating and almost unstoppable charge and then they can fight effectively in continued hand-to-hand combat.\n\nLike all general's guards, this unit is best committed to the fight at the point of crisis, when the general's inspirational leadership and the combat power of his men can tip the balance.

{east_pontic_generals_descr_short}
This general has a bodyguard of loyal and armoured spear cavalry to accompany him onto the field.

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{east_onager}	Onagers

{east_onager_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThe onager is a catapult jokingly named for the tremendous kick it has when fired at the enemy (an "onager" is a wild ass). This war machine is powered by a twisted spring of animal sinew ropes, the most elastic substance available. \n\nThe throwing arm is held in tension by the sinews. When pulled back and held by a catch it can fling a boulder with considerable speed and range. This version can be used for reducing stone fortifications, but it can also be used on the battlefield for destroying enemy artillery and harassing troops (although admittedly by killing them outright). \n\nThe onager can also be used to launch incendiary missiles such as firepots, making it a versatile piece of artillery to any commander.

{east_onager_descr_short}
The onager is a versatile catapult that can launch boulders or incendiary firepots at enemy troops and fortifications.

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{egyptian_peasant}	Peasants

{egyptian_peasant_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nPeasants are reluctant warriors, but numbers are useful in all armies. Forcing peasants to fight is one way of getting lots of men in the field quickly and cheaply. They have little tactical sense, and even less willingness to fight - they would rather be defending their own homes than be dragged to a battle they neither care about nor understand. If nothing else, they are useful when there's digging to be done! They are, however, experts at reading the land and hiding whenever there is cover.

{egyptian_peasant_descr_short}
Peasants are reluctant warriors, at best. Going to war is just one more burden of a hard life.

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{egyptian_slingers}	Slingers

{egyptian_slingers_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nSlingers are highly skilled missile troops but are at a huge disadvantage in hand-to-hand combat, especially against cavalry. They can maintain a sustained and concentrated barrage on enemies and then fall back rapidly to avoid hand-to-hand combat. Slingers carry a shoulder bag with many pieces of lead shot (they can also use stones picked up on the battlefield) and several spare slings including slings of different length for greater or lesser range. Other than a knife and a small shield, they carry no other equipment.

{egyptian_slingers_descr_short}
Slingers are highly skilled missile troops but are at a huge disadvantage in hand-to-hand combat, especially against cavalry.

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{egyptian_archer}	Bowmen

{egyptian_archer_descr}
Can Fire Incendiary Missiles\nSapping Ability\n\nBowmen are rightly feared for the casualties they can inflict, but they are vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat.\n\nThey are drawn from the peasant classes of all societies, as these are the people who need to be skilled hunters in order to survive. Learning to use a bow well is something that takes a lifetime and constant practice, and putting food on the table provides good practice.\n\nThey are best used to weaken enemy formations, or placed in a spot where they can retreat and find protection from other troops.

{egyptian_archer_descr_short}
Archers are rightly feared for the casualties they can inflict, but they are vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat.

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{egyptian_archer_elite}	Pharaoh's Bowmen

{egyptian_archer_elite_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nSapping Ability\n\nPharaoh's bowmen are skilled archers, the finest to be found in Egyptian armies. They carry the finest bows available, and have the abilities - honed from an early age - to make the best use of their weaponry, making them a true elite. And with their native toughness and hardy spirit they are truly impressive warriors, and a fine force for any of the Pharaoh’s generals to have under his command. Unlike many other archers, these men wear good armour, giving them protection against counter-fire, but they are vulnerable - like any archers - if unsupported when attacked by cavalry.

{egyptian_archer_elite_descr_short}
Pharaoh's bowmen are skilled archers, the finest to be found in Egyptian armies.

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{egyptian_nubian_spearmen}	Nubian Spearmen

{egyptian_nubian_spearmen_descr}
Can Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nThese militia-like soldiers can fight in harsh conditions and they are cheap defensive troops for the Pharaoh's armies.\n\nArmed with a long, thrusting spear and a large wooden shield, these men are primarily defensive and can hold their own against cavalry. However, they can also be formed into phalanxes and sent against other infantry. Their lack of training and armour means that they should not be used to attack armoured or elite troops.\n\nNubian spearmen were originally recruited in the south, but since it is not uncommon for a Nubian soldier to be rewarded with land for his service, they can be found in every part of the Pharaoh's realms.

{egyptian_nubian_spearmen_descr_short}
These militia-like Nubian spearmen can fight in harsh conditions and are cheap defensive troops for the Pharaoh's armies.

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{egyptian_infantry}	Desert Axemen

{egyptian_infantry_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nSapping Ability\n\nThese superior soldiers are recruited from among desert dwellers, and are equipped with sharp axes and wooden shields by the order of the Pharaoh. It is their job to stand in line of battle and hack into an enemy formation or position. They are very useful against other infantry - including armoured infantry - but they are less able to defend themselves against cavalry attacks.\n\nThey are hardy folk in the lands at Egypt's borders and well suited to life as soldiers in the Pharaoh's army; they do not tire easily and shrink from few enemies.

{egyptian_infantry_descr_short}
These superior soldiers are recruited from among desert dwellers, and are equipped with sharp axes and good quality armour.

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{egyptian_elite_guards}	Pharaoh's Guards

{egyptian_elite_guards_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nHardy\nCan Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nThe Pharaoh's Guard are the true elite of any Egyptian army, armoured spearmen sworn to defend the Twin Crowns to the death! They may have ceremonial duties, but these are also soldiers for the working day. These are superbly trained and disciplined spearmen, capable of standing against almost any enemy in almost any circumstances. They are trained to form a phalanx making them an effective attacking force as well.\n\nRecruited from among the higher ranks of Egyptian society, they have an interest in seeing the state and the Pharaoh's power survive.

{egyptian_elite_guards_descr_short}
The Pharaoh's Guard are the true elite of any Egyptian army, armoured spearmen sworn to defend the Twin Crowns to the death!

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{egyptian_nile_cavalry}	Nubian Cavalry

{egyptian_nile_cavalry_descr}
Superior\nCan Form Wedge\n\nNubian cavalry are lightly equipped raiders who are perfect for flanking attacks on an enemy line. They are recruited into the service of the Pharaoh from the upper reaches of the Nile. They are superb horsemen, proud and independently minded. Nubians do not wear armour, but then this is only to be expected among people from such a hot, harsh climate, but they carry good war gear otherwise: a shield, a spear for the initial charge, and a sword so that they can fight effectively in close combat.\n\nThey can be used to mount rapid charges against enemies, but if asked to charge spearmen they will suffer excessive casualties. They can also be used to pursue fleeing foes and cut down isolated enemy units.

{egyptian_nile_cavalry_descr_short}
Nubian cavalry are lightly equipped raiders who are perfect for flanking attacks on an enemy line.

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{egyptian_cleruch}	Nile Cavalry

{egyptian_cleruch_descr}
Superior\nCan Form Wedge\n\nNile cavalry are mail-armoured spearmen capable of delivering a decisive blow. Although they do not carry shields, they are a useful force for any commander thanks to their training and motivation.\n\nThese men are recruited from among the elite of Egyptian society.They are given land for their service, the amount depending on rank and length of service. 

{egyptian_cleruch_descr_short}
Nile cavalry are mail-armoured spearmen capable of delivering a decisive blow.

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{egyptian_camel_archers}	Camel Archers

{egyptian_camel_archers_descr}
Hardy\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\nBonus vs. Cavalry\n\nThese camel-mounted archers are effective skirmishers, especially in deserts.\n\nThese men are good bowmen and untiring fighters thanks to their harsh upbringing. They can move swiftly, staying away from most infantry and other skirmishers. When attacked by cavalry they are at an advantage should a melee ensue. The very smell of camels can upset horses in battle and a cunning commander can use this to his advantage.

{egyptian_camel_archers_descr_short}
These camel-mounted archers are effective skirmishers, especially in deserts. The very smell of camels can upset horses in battle.

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{egyptian_chariot_archer}	Egyptian Chariot Archers

{egyptian_chariot_archer_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nFrightens Infantry\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nChariot archers are highly skilled - they can hit targets while their chariots are moving at high speed. The scythes attached to each chariot axle make them even more deadly. They have the speed of cavalry and the staying power of infantry, and this makes them a powerful weapon for any commander; the Egyptians have also had many centuries of experience in using chariots in warfare, particularly on desert battlefields.\n\nEach chariot is under the control of a driver, leaving the archers to concentrate on their killing work; all wear high quality armour.

{egyptian_chariot_archer_descr_short}
Chariot archers are highly skilled - they can hit targets while the chariots are moving at high speed.

¬----------------

{egyptian_onagers}	Onagers

{egyptian_onagers_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThe onager is a catapult jokingly named for the tremendous kick it has when fired at the enemy (an "onager" is a wild ass). This war machine is powered by a twisted spring of animal sinew ropes, the most elastic substance available. \n\nThe throwing arm is held in tension by the sinews. When pulled back and held by a catch it can fling a boulder with considerable speed and range. This version can be used for reducing stone fortifications, but it can also be used on the battlefield for destroying enemy artillery and harassing troops (although admittedly by killing them outright). \n\nThe onager can also be used to launch incendiary missiles such as firepots, making it a versatile piece of artillery to any commander.

{egyptian_onagers_descr_short}
The onager is a versatile catapult that can launch boulders or incendiary firepots at enemy troops and fortifications.

¬----------------

{greek_peasant}	Peasants

{greek_peasant_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nPeasants are reluctant warriors, but numbers are useful in all armies. Forcing peasants to fight is one way of getting lots of men in the field quickly and cheaply. They have little tactical sense, and even less willingness to fight - they would rather be defending their own homes than be dragged to a battle they neither care about nor understand. If nothing else, they are useful when there's digging to be done! They are, however, experts at reading the land and hiding whenever there is cover.

{greek_peasant_descr_short}
Peasants are reluctant warriors, at best. Going to war is just one more burden of a hard life.

¬----------------

{greek_peltast}	Peltasts

{greek_peltast_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\nCan Hide in Long Grass\nSapping Ability\n\nGreek peltasts advance at speed to pepper an enemy with javelins, and then withdraw in good order before a counter-attack can be organised. They are skirmishers and it is their task to harass and disrupt enemy units before the main battle lines clash. They are also adept at staging tactical ambushes.\n\nPeltasts are equipped with a clutch of javelins, a sword and a light shield, the pelte, which gives them their name as 'pelte-bearers'. They wear no other armour, and rely on speed as the best form of protection, and this isn't much protection should they be caught by cavalry.

{greek_peltast_descr_short}
Greek peltasts advance at speed to pepper an enemy with javelins, and then withdraw in good order before a counter-attack can be organised.

¬----------------

{greek_archer}	Archers

{greek_archer_descr}
Can Fire Incendiary Missiles\nSapping Ability\n\nArchers are rightly feared for the casualties they can inflict, but they are vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat.\n\nThey are drawn from the peasant classes of all societies, as these are the people who need to be skilled hunters in order to survive. Learning to use a bow well is something that takes a lifetime and constant practice, and putting food on the table provides good practice.\n\nThey are best used to weaken enemy formations, or placed in a spot where they can retreat and find protection from other troops.

{greek_archer_descr_short}
Archers are rightly feared for the casualties they can inflict, but they are vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat.

¬----------------

{greek_heavy_peltast}	Heavy Peltasts

{greek_heavy_peltast_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\nCan Hide in Long Grass\nSapping Ability\n\nHeavy peltasts are skirmishers, but carry large oval shields into battle. This added protection makes them suitable for standing in the main battle line, as well as for flanking and screening duties.\n\nTheir javelins are intended to thin the ranks of approaching troops, weakening their morale just before battle is joined. They also carry short swords for when they are asked to engage in close combat.\n\nA heavy peltast’s shield (the thureos), is made from wood covered in leather. While this confers reasonable protection, when confronted with heavy infantry or practically any form of cavalry, these troops should not be expected to stand for long. Like other peltasts, this unit is well suited to using ambush tactics.

{greek_heavy_peltast_descr_short}
A combination of protection and mobility make heavy peltasts suitable for skirmishing duties as well as for taking a stand as part of the main battle line.

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{greek_hoplite}	Hoplites

{greek_hoplite_descr}
Hardy\nSapping Ability\nCan Form Phalanx\n\nThe basis of nearly all military power in Greece once revolved around the hoplite. Operating in phalanxes, or tightly grouped blocks, these men are a powerful force against infantry or cavalry.\n\nHoplite tactics are simple: formations generally approach the opposing army in normal order, and then close ranks into the phalanx so that each soldier is protected by overlapping shields. Then it is simply a matter of closing with the enemy as quickly as possible to decide the battle. Well trained, these troops have great stamina, and are some of the most effective soldiers in the known world.\n\nHoplites generally supply their own equipment, so are not drawn from the poorer sections of society. They wear a hardened leather cuirass breastplate, and carry both a round shield (the hoplon) and a thrusting spear. This spear has a bronze butt-spike to plant in the ground (bronze is not prone to rusting like iron), which doubles as a weapon if the pike shaft breaks.  

{greek_hoplite_descr_short}
Hoplites are well equipped infantry that are most effective in the formidable, if slightly inflexible, phalanx formation. 

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{greek_hoplite_elite}	Armoured Hoplites

{greek_hoplite_elite_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nCan Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nArmoured hoplites are an elite among Greek soldiery, carefully selected and given the best training to make them superior spearmen. Each of them is equipped with good body armour, greaves and a helmet and carries a large round shield, the hoplon that gives this kind of soldier the name of hoplite. Each man is also armed with a formidable thrusting spear called the xyston and a sword. They are usually employed as solid, close-packed groups of men, presenting a wall of spear points to the enemy. In phalanx formation, they use weight of numbers to batter into enemy formations.\n\nThey are vulnerable to flank and rear attacks, and ideally need some sort of light supporting troops to screen them as they approach the enemy.

{greek_hoplite_elite_descr_short}
Armoured hoplites are an elite among Greek soldiery, carefully selected and given the best training to make them superior spearmen.

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{greek_hoplite_spartan}	Spartan Hoplites

{greek_hoplite_spartan_descr}
Beyond Elite!\nDisciplined\nVery Hardy\nCan Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nSpartan hoplites are trained from infancy to be nothing but soldiers. They are 'perfect soldiers' and nothing else. All of Spartan life is spent training for war. Weaklings perish soon after birth; youths are taught to thieve and terrorize the slave class to harden them; young men are taught nothing unless it has something to do with the arts of war - even music and dance are there only to help keep step when marching and obeying orders.\n\nThe result is a man who thinks nothing of danger, expects to win, and creates a sense of dread in his opponents.\n\nSpartans fight in the traditional fashion as hoplites, carrying a long thrusting spear and the large round hoplon shield, and as a phalanx: a close-packed mass of men moving as one to crush their enemies.\n\nIf they have a weakness it is that they are hide-bound traditionalists, and the once-mighty state of Sparta has not moved with the times.

{greek_hoplite_spartan_descr_short}
Spartan hoplites are trained from infancy to be nothing but soldiers. They are 'perfect soldiers' and nothing else.

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{greek_levy_pikemen}	Levy Pikemen

{greek_levy_pikemen_descr}
Can Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nAs war approaches, peasants, farmers and down-at-heel townsfolk can find themselves pressed into service as pikemen by their rulers. Due to their lack of armour they are best used as defensive infantry, absorbing enemy attacks, or screening the flanks of the main line.\n\nEquipped with a long pike some 6m in length (the sarissa) many ranks can bring their weapons to bear on an enemy, presenting a bristling array of spearheads to an approaching foe. They also carry swords for use when the enemy breaks through the pike line.\n\nAlthough training is practically non-existent, as inheritors of the hoplite tradition levy pikemen can manoeuvre in a phalanx formation. But with no armour other than the small shields strapped to their left arms, under pressure these levied troops are liable to suffer heavy casualties.

{greek_levy_pikemen_descr_short}
Levy pikemen are best used as defensive infantry, but their lack of armour leaves them vulnerable in battle.

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{greek_pikemen}	Phalanx Pikemen

{greek_pikemen_descr}
Can Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nPhalanx pikemen (or phalangites) form the backbone of Macedonian and Seleucid battle lines. In phalanx formation these troops can be used to pin the enemy line in place, while mobile forces wheel around the flanks to deliver a decisive blow. \n\nThe phalangites are drawn from families with decent resources, as these men need to provide leather cuirass armour and a metal helmet for protection. Phalanx pikemen carry a small shield strapped to the left arm, leaving both hands free to brandish a lengthy pike (the sarissa). Gripped in both hands above the head up to five ranks’ worth of pikes can be aimed at the enemy. Men in rows further back hold their pikes at a 45 degree angle, creating a shield to ward off enemy arrows. All phalanx pikemen also have short swords. 

{greek_pikemen_descr_short}
Phalanx pikemen form the backbone of Macedonian and Seleucid battle lines, and are used to engage and hold the enemy’s main force.

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{greek_royal_pikemen}	Royal Pikemen

{greek_royal_pikemen_descr}
Hardy\nDisciplined\nInspires Friendly Units\nCan Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nOften deployed in the position of honour in a pike line (usually at the right hand end) thanks to their superior status, Macedonian royal pikemen (or hypaspists) are disciplined troops drawn from the higher echelons of society. The tough royal pikemen carry the shorter hoplite thrusting spear, and are well protected with their large round ‘argive’-pattern shields as well as leather armour. Other units can draw confidence from the presence of these proud warriors, which makes them a bulwark of many a Macedonian battle line. When close-quarter fighting starts they also carry short swords like other pikemen. 

{greek_royal_pikemen_descr_short}
Well disciplined, led by high-ranking officers and carrying large shields, royal pikemen are the bulwark of the Macedonian battle line.

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{greek_silver_shields}	Silver Shield Pikemen

{greek_silver_shields_descr}
Hardy\nDisciplined\nInspires Friendly Units\nCan Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nThe silver shield pikemen (or argyraspids) are the embodiment of Seleucid martial prowess. They are elite foot soldiers on which many a battle will turn; they are well disciplined and physically fit, so these troops will neither panic nor tire easily.\n\nThese men use the 6m long pike (sarissa) and carry a small shield coated in silver that gives them their name. To carry the silver shield into battle is the realization of many a Seleucid boy’s dream, though only renowned men of higher birth would automatically qualify for such an honour.\n\nOnce in phalanx formation the silver shield pikemen are an almost immovable object unless attacked from the flanks. If the fighting becomes too intense and cramped, they can use their short swords. 

{greek_silver_shields_descr_short}
Silver shield pikemen are the best of the Seleucid pikemen, well disciplined and not likely to tire quickly.

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{greek_legionary}	Silver Shield Legionaries

{greek_legionary_descr}
Superior\nDisciplined\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\nCan Form Testudo\nSapping Ability\n\nThe Seleucid talent for adopting good ideas is given solidity in the shape of these Legionaries who are direct copies of the Roman originals! The Legionary Silver Shields (or argyraspids) are equipped and fight in exactly the same fashion as Roman troops, using throwing spears (the pila, singular pilum) to pepper an enemy before closing to fight with short swords. The armour they wear and the tactics that they use are also modelled closely on the Roman originals too, including use of the tortoise (or testudo) formation to approach enemy fortifications while under fire.\n\nThe Silver Shields are very good troops indeed, and can be relied on in most battle situations.

{greek_legionary_descr_short}
The Seleucid talent for adopting good ideas is given solidity in the shape of these Legionaries - copies of the Roman originals!

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{greek_bastarnae}	Bastarnae

{greek_bastarnae_descr}
Wild\nImpetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nThe Bastarnae are a particularly ferocious tribe from the northern Balkans who rejoice in man-to-man combat. Some scribes would have it that there are no fiercer men in battle, and they are a formidable resource for any Thracian commander: they are highly unlikely to break and run.\n\nEven their weapon of choice - the rhomphaia - is a cruel looking, curved blade sharpened on the inner edge, like a sickle. With one blow, this weapon is capable of severing an arm or leg. Each Bastarnae warrior also carries a small shield, which other than his helmet is his only protection, not that this lack of armour worries these fearless fighters for a moment!\n\nOften tattooed and with blue-dyed hair, the only concern with such battle-hungry fighters is that they are liable to fling themselves into the fray at the earliest opportunity. 

{greek_bastarnae_descr_short}
Fierce warriors adept at close quarters against other infantry, Bastarnae may attack without orders.

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{greek-Light_lancer}	Light Lancers

{greek-Light_lancer_descr}
Superior\nCan Form Wedge\n\nLight lancers are fast, lightly equipped cavalrymen who rely on hit-and-run charges where the killing power of their lances are maximised. Although they have cavalry swords for close quarters fighting, a lack of armour means once the melee becomes protracted they are susceptible to enemy counterattacks: slugging it out with heavy forces is not sensible for these soldiers. Rather, these men should operate on the periphery of battles where they can ride down enemy skirmishers and missile troops. They can be thrown into to heart of the fighting if necessary, or when a weakened unit’s flank or rear can be attacked.

{greek-Light_lancer_descr_short}
Light lancers are fast, lightly equipped cavalrymen who rely on hit-and-run charges where the killing power of their lances is maximised. 

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{greek_cavalry}	Militia Cavalry

{greek_cavalry_descr}
Can Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nMilitia cavalry are javelin-armed mounted skirmishers who can strike quickly and be gone in the time it takes a more ponderous enemy to react. They do not wear armour, but do carry shields and swords so that they can fight in hand-to-hand combat should the need arise. They are, however, best used to dash in and harass a mass of enemies, such as heavy infantry who cannot hope to catch them. They are not ideally suited to fighting other skirmishers - many of their javelins will be wasted against targets who can dodge, after all - but they can be very useful in harrying fleeing enemies and driving them from the field.

{greek_cavalry_descr_short}
Militia cavalry are javelin-armed mounted skirmishers who can strike quickly and be gone before the enemy reacts.

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{greek_medium_cavalry}	Greek Cavalry

{greek_medium_cavalry_descr}
Can Form Wedge\n\nGreek cavalry are fast moving horsemen armed with spears for maximum impact in a charge. They are not heavily armoured, and do not have shields for protection, relying instead on the old maxim of 'speed is armour' for protection. As a result, they are best used as a hit-and-run force, rather than as soldiers who can indulge in hand-to-hand combat. That said, they are excellent for breaking up skirmishers, attacking lighter infantry such as missile troops and pursuing already broken enemies to prevent them rallying and rejoining a battle.

{greek_medium_cavalry_descr_short}
Greek cavalry are fast moving horsemen armed with spears for maximum impact in a charge.

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{greek_heavy_cavalry}	Macedonian Cavalry

{greek_heavy_cavalry_descr}
Superior\nCan Form Wedge\n\nMacedonian cavalry are armoured spear-armed horsemen capable of delivering a decisive blow. They wear armour and carry swords but do not have shields, so they are not necessarily at their best in prolonged close combat. However, when used to repeatedly charge enemy units they can have a tremendous cumulative effect.\n\nThe Macedonians have a fine tradition of horsemanship, unlike their southerly Greek neighbours, a legacy of having a large land-owning aristocracy who could afford to keep horses, unlike the farm-owning society of Greece that produced hoplites.

{greek_heavy_cavalry_descr_short}
Macedonian cavalry are armoured spear-armed horsemen capable of delivering a decisive blow.

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{greek_royal_cavalry}	Companion Cavalry

{greek_royal_cavalry_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nHardy\nCan Form Wedge\n\nCompanion Cavalry are a social and military elite, and fight as heavy cavalry using shock and mass to break enemy units. They are the direct heirs to the Companions of Alexander the Great and his father, Philip of Macedon, and they revel in this proud heritage.\n\nThe Companions ride the best horses and have the finest armour available; each is armed with a good lance and a sword for close combat. As heavy cavalry they can be a decisive arm of battle, and are able to charge down many opponents. They are best used as shock cavalry to break wavering enemy formations, but do need to be careful - as with all cavalry - when attacking spearmen. Bravery is of little use when galloping straight onto a row of gleaming spear points!\n\nTraditionally these men would be given land grants after great victories, giving them a personal stake in the battle's outcome.

{greek_royal_cavalry_descr_short}
Companion Cavalry are a social and military elite, and fight as heavy cavalry using shock and mass to break enemy units.

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{greek_generals_guard_cavalry_early}	General's Bodyguard

{greek_generals_guard_cavalry_early_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nThis general has a bodyguard of loyal spear-armed cavalry to accompany him onto the field. Armed with spears, these men are shock cavalry, able to deliver a devastating charge attack; they are then well trained enough to fight effectively in continued hand-to-hand combat.\n\nLike all general's guards, this unit is best committed to the fight at the point of crisis, when the general's inspirational leadership and the combat power of his men can tip the balance.

{greek_generals_guard_cavalry_early_descr_short}
This general has a bodyguard of loyal spear-armed cavalry to accompany him onto the field.

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{thracian_generals_guard_cavalry_early}	General's Bodyguard

{thracian_generals_guard_cavalry_early_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nA warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis.\n\nEvery warlord commands by right of personal courage as much as tactical skill, and must prove himself in battle. He and his guards are equipped as cavalry with spears, leather armour and shields so that they can dash to any point on the battlefield and fight. The warlord can inspire his men to greater efforts just by his presence, and also has enough men to be a significant force should the need arise.

{thracian_generals_guard_cavalry_early_descr_short}
A warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis. 

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{thracian_generals_guard_cavalry}	General's Bodyguard

{thracian_generals_guard_cavalry_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nA warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis.\n\nEvery warlord commands by right of personal courage as much as tactical skill, and must prove himself in battle. He and his guards are equipped as cavalry with spears, leather armour and shields so that they can dash to any point on the battlefield and fight. The warlord can inspire his men to greater efforts just by his presence, and also has enough men to be a significant force should the need arise.

{thracian_generals_guard_cavalry_descr_short}
A warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis. 

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{greek_elephant_small}	Elephants

{greek_elephant_small_descr}
Hardy\nCan Run Amok\nFrightens Infantry\nFrightens Cavalry\n\nElephants are a terrifying spectacle to opposing troops, well able to smash battle lines and toss men aside like dogs with rats.\n\nStanding at just over two metres tall at the shoulder, these particular animals are rather tractable and can be trained for warfare relatively easily. They are fast moving, able to trample and gore enemies seemingly at will when being urged on by their riders. They are a living battering ram aimed at the enemy battle line. When pursuing enemies they can be even more deadly. \n\nEach elephant is unarmoured, but many blows simply glance off the tough hide. Only a single rider is carried.

{greek_elephant_small_descr_short}
Elephants are a terrifying spectacle to opposing troops, well able to toss men aside like ratting dogs and smash battle lines.

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{greek_elephant_african}	War Elephants

{greek_elephant_african_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nCan Run Amok\nFrightens Infantry\nFrightens Cavalry\n\nWar elephants are fierce and terrible beasts, able to trample men and horses into the dirt. Over three metres tall at the shoulder, these are large and bad-tempered animals, and they have been known to run wild with fear and anger in battle. When this happens no one - friend or foe - is safe. For this reason the driver always carries a small mallet and a spike so that he can kill the animal if necessary by driving the spike into the base of the skull.\n\nThe crew are armed with bows to shoot down into tightly packed enemy formations, but the elephant itself is also a weapon: it can trample and gore men easily, hurling them around like rag dolls.

{greek_elephant_african_descr_short}
War elephants are fierce and terrible beasts, able to trample men and horses into the dirt. 

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{greek_onagers}	Onagers

{greek_onagers_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThe onager is a catapult jokingly named for the tremendous kick it has when fired at the enemy (an "onager" is a wild ass). This war machine is powered by a twisted spring of animal sinew ropes, the most elastic substance available. \n\nThe throwing arm is held in tension by the sinews. When pulled back and held by a catch it can fling a boulder with considerable speed and range. This version can be used for reducing stone fortifications, but it can also be used on the battlefield for destroying enemy artillery and harassing troops (although admittedly by killing them outright). \n\nThe onager can also be used to launch incendiary missiles such as firepots, making it a versatile piece of artillery to any commander.

{greek_onagers_descr_short}
The onager is a versatile catapult that can launch boulders or incendiary firepots at enemy troops and fortifications.

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{greek_scythed_chariots}	Scythed Chariots

{greek_scythed_chariots_descr}
Elite\nImpetuous\nCan Run Amok\nFrightens Infantry\n\nScythed chariots are fearsome devices, covered in scythe blades to cut down any infantry foolish enough to stand when charged. Metal blades stick out from each axle like malign horns to cut down infantry. They are, however, somewhat uncontrollable! These units are not only so keen to attack the enemy that they will do so without orders, but also can run amok and attack anyone - friend or foe alike - who happens to be nearby. These are not subtle troops, and their chief power lies in a headlong charge into an enemy formation.\n\nEach chariot is pulled by powerful horses, and the crew is heavily armoured.

{greek_scythed_chariots_descr_short}
Scythed chariots are fearsome devices, covered in scythe blades to cut down any infantry foolish enough to stand still when charged. They are, however, somewhat uncontrollable!

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{roman_peasant}	Peasants

{roman_peasant_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nPeasants are reluctant warriors, but numbers are useful in all armies. Forcing peasants to fight is one way of getting lots of men in the field quickly and cheaply. They have little tactical sense, and even less willingness to fight - they would rather be defending their own homes than be dragged to a battle they neither care about nor understand. If nothing else, they are useful when there's digging to be done! They are, however, experts at reading the land and hiding whenever there is cover.

{roman_peasant_descr_short}
Peasants are reluctant warriors, at best. Going to war is just one more burden of a hard life.

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{roman_archer}	Roman Archers

{roman_archer_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nRoman archers are supporting troops for heavier infantry, very much a secondary role in Roman warfare. They are missile troops almost exclusively, as their lack of armour and poor hand weapons mean that only a heartless or desperate commander would deliberately order them to fight in hand-to-hand combat. Archery is not really a significant part of the Roman way of warfare, but the need for some missile troops is obvious to Roman commanders, and hence these archers are recruited from among the peasant classes.

{roman_archer_descr_short}
Roman archers are supporting troops for heavier infantry, very much a secondary role in Roman warfare.

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{roman_archer_auxillia}	Archer Auxilia

{roman_archer_auxillia_descr}
Disciplined\nHardy\nSapping Ability\n\nArcher auxilia are supporting troops for the heavier legionary infantry, an important secondary role in Roman warfare. They are not expected to fight in hand-to-hand combat and are not given the war gear to do so for long; their job is to provide supporting fire and let the legionaries fight the main battle. Because the Roman army is standardised around its heavy infantry legionaries other types of troops are recruited as auxiliaries. Their training is very nearly as vigorous as that of the legionaries and discipline in auxilia units is certainly as harsh and uncompromising.\n\nHistorically, with the changes introduced by Gaius Marius professional auxiliaries were recruited to serve alongside the now-professional legionaries; a wholesale shake-up of the Roman military machine saw the whole army being put on a full time, service-for-life footing, with auxiliaries being rewarded with Roman citizenship at the end of their military careers.

{roman_archer_auxillia_descr_short}
Archer auxilia are supporting troops for the heavier legionary infantry, an important secondary role in Roman warfare.

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{roman_velite}	Velites

{roman_velite_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\nCan Hide in Long Grass\nSapping Ability\n\nVelites are light skirmishing troops who screen the main battle line of an early-pattern Legion as it advances.\n\nThey are armed with javelins and a stabbing sword, and carry a small round shield but no other protection. It is their task to harass the enemy before the main combat begins.\n\nVelites are recruited from younger citizens, who lack the experience (or the money for their own gear) to fight as hastati or other heavy infantry.\n\nRoman velites become outdated after the Marius Reforms. Historically, Marius put the Roman army on a professional footing, and abandoned all property and age requirements in the process. Roman citizens would no longer go to war as-and-when as a civic duty; they would fight in future as full-time citizen-mercenaries in the Legions.

{roman_velite_descr_short}
Velites are light skirmishing troops who screen the main battle line of an early-pattern Legion as it advances. 

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{roman_light_infantry}	Light Auxilia

{roman_light_infantry_descr}
Disciplined\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\nCan Hide in Long Grass\nSapping Ability\n\nLight auxilia are skirmishers who act as a screening force for heavier troops. They also break up enemy formations with showers of javelins which have a longer range than the iron-shafted heavy pila carried by Roman legionaries. These auxilia do not wear armour and so cannot be expected to last long in hand-to-hand combat but they can fight if they must. Their training is very nearly as vigorous as that of the legionaries so they do not tire easily, and discipline in auxilia units is certainly as harsh and uncompromising

{roman_light_infantry_descr_short}
Light auxilia are skirmishers who act as a screening force for heavier troops. They also attack enemies with showers of javelins.

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{roman_city_militia}	Town Watch

{roman_city_militia_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nThe town watch are local workers and peasants given enough training to defend their homes and keep order in the streets. They are no substitute for fully trained Roman legionaries, but then they are not expected to be more than a citizen militia with an interest in keeping the peace (and possibly they might have some fire fighting duties). They do not have much equipment, as the most they are expected to do is stand behind their spears and shields, and then hold position when charged. By and large, this they manage to do.

{roman_city_militia_descr_short}
The town watch are local workers and peasants given enough training to defend their homes and keep order in the streets.

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{roman_hastati}	Hastati

{roman_hastati_descr}
Hardy\nSapping Ability\n\nHastati are among the younger men in an early Republican Legion, and form the front line in any battle. They are supposed to wear down an enemy and hold him before the next Roman battle line attacks and carries on the fight. They are, as a result, capable troops in their own right.\n\nThey are armed with two pila that are thrown at the enemy at close range before they close to fight hand-to-hand. They are equipped with a sword, a bronze helmet, a large shield and a breastplate. The pilum (plural, pila) is a cleverly designed spear with a soft iron shaft behind the point; it bends on impact so that it can’t be thrown back and if it’s stuck in someone or something it is a real hindrance to movement.\n\nHistorically, hastati spent their own money on their equipment and often couldn’t afford anything much better. This, along with the age and property requirements, was why they fought as hastati.

{roman_hastati_descr_short}
Hastati fight as the leading edge of a Legion, wearing the enemy down for the next wave of attackers.

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{roman_triarii}	Triarii

{roman_triarii_descr}
Hardy\nDisciplined\nSapping Ability\n\nTriarii are tough heavy spearmen who make up the third and most senior part of a Roman Legion before the military Reforms of Gaius Marius. They carry a long "hoplite-style" spear (the hasta) which is used to thrust, a long shield and a gladius. They are the oldest veteran soldiers, and well armoured – hardly surprising, given that they are also drawn from the richest section of society. \n\nThe triarii are the last available line in early-pattern Republican Legions. "Going to the triarii" is a Roman saying meaning carrying on to the bitter end, and if they are used it’s a sign that the moment of decision in a battle has arrived. \n\nHistorically, triarii spent their own money on their equipment and could afford to buy the best of everything.

{roman_triarii_descr_short}
Triarii are tough, experienced spearmen who are the senior element - the backbone - of an early Roman Legion. They can be a decisive force in battle.

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{roman_infantry_auxillia}	Auxilia

{roman_infantry_auxillia_descr}
Disciplined\nHardy\nSapping Ability\n\nAuxilia are highly disciplined and tough spearmen who provide support to Roman legionaries in battle. They are defensive infantry, expected to protect the flanks of the heavier legionaries from cavalry and similar threats; their training is at least as harsh as that of the legionaries and produces men with a similar level of discipline and hardiness. These troops need to keep up with other Roman forces, and so cannot be allowed to tire easily. They are recruited from among non-Romans within the Empire, and this is easy because Roman citizenship is far from being universal.\n\nHistorically, Roman commanders made sure that auxilia were always stationed far away from home so that there was no temptation to acts of rebellion. The changes introduced by Gaius Marius meant that professional auxiliaries were recruited to serve alongside the now-professional legionaries; a wholesale shake-up of the Roman military machine saw the whole army being put on a full time, service-for-life footing, with auxiliaries being rewarded with Roman citizenship at the end of their military careers.

{roman_infantry_auxillia_descr_short}
Auxilia are highly disciplined and tough spearmen who provide support to Roman legionaries in battle.

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{roman_legionary_cohort_i}	Early Legionary Cohort

{roman_legionary_cohort_i_descr}
Disciplined\nHardy\nCan Use Testudo Formation\nSapping Capability\n\nRoman legionaries are tough, professional troops with good armour and superb weapons. Their hallmarks are discipline, obedience and tactical flexibility. When approaching enemy fortifications, for example, they can use the turtle formation, or testudo, overlapping their shields for protection. \n\nEvery legionary’s chainmail armour, the lorica hamata, is of very good quality, as is the rest of his gear: a metal helmet and a large curved shield. They fight with two throwing spears (the pilum, plural pila) and a short stabbing sword, the gladius. Each pilum has a soft iron shaft behind the piercing head that is designed to bend as soon as it hits a target, making it impossible to pull out and throw back. Embedded in a shield a pilum hampers an enemy. Embedded in a man, it usually kills. Once the pila have been thrown, legionaries close and continue fighting with the stabbing gladius. \n\nHistorically, these legionaries only came to be after the army reforms of Gaius Marius. He abandoned property and age requirements for the legions, and made the Roman army into a professional force. No longer would a man have to provide his own war gear; he would be paid, serve a term of 25 years and then retire with enough land to give him a pension for the remainder of his days. 

{roman_legionary_cohort_i_descr_short}
Well-armed and armoured infantrymen, who go into combat flinging heavy spears that are followed up with hand-to-hand attacks.

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{roman_legionary_first_cohort_i}	Early Legionary First Cohort

{roman_legionary_first_cohort_i_descr}
Legionary Eagle\nDisciplined\nHardy\nCan Use Testudo Formation\nSapping Capability\n\nThe Roman first cohort consist of well-armed and armoured infantrymen, who go into combat carrying the symbol of Roman power, a Legionary Eagle. This is inspirational for other Roman troops. Legionaries are tough, professional troops with good armour and superb weapons. Their hallmarks are discipline, obedience and tactical flexibility. When approaching enemy fortifications, for example, they can use the turtle formation, or testudo, overlapping their shields for protection.\n\nEvery legionary’s chainmail armour, the lorica hamata, is of very good quality, as is the rest of his gear: a metal helmet and a large curved shield. They fight with two throwing spears (the pilum, plural pila) and a short stabbing sword, the gladius. Each pilum has a soft iron shaft behind the piercing head that is designed to bend as soon as it hits a target, making it impossible to pull out and throw back. Embedded in a shield a pilum hampers an enemy. Embedded in a man, it usually kills. Once the pila have been thrown, the first cohort close and continue fighting with the stabbing gladius.\n\nHistorically, these cohorts came to be after the army reforms of Gaius Marius. He made the Roman army into a professional force. Men served a term of 25 years and then retired with enough land to give them pensions for the remainder of their days. The best legionaries in each legion would naturally gravitate through seniority into the first cohort.

{roman_legionary_first_cohort_i_descr_short}
The first cohort consists of well-armed and armoured infantrymen, who go into combat carrying a Legionary Eagle, an inspirational symbol for other Roman troops.

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{roman_legionary_cohort_ii}	Legionary Cohort

{roman_legionary_cohort_ii_descr}
Hardy\nCan Use Testudo Formation\nSapping Capability\n\nRoman legionaries are tough, professional troops with good armour and superb weapons. Their hallmarks are discipline, obedience and tactical flexibility. When approaching enemy fortifications, for example, they can use the turtle formation, or testudo, overlapping their shields for protection. \n\nEvery legionary’s flexible banded armour, the lorica segmenta, is of very good quality, as is the rest of his gear: a metal helmet and a large curved shield. They fight with two throwing spears (the pilum, plural pila) and a short stabbing sword, the gladius. Each pilum has a soft iron shaft behind the piercing head that is designed to bend as soon as it hits a target, making it impossible to pull out and throw back. Embedded in a shield a pilum hampers an enemy. Embedded in a man, it usually kills. Once the pila have been thrown, legionaries close and continue fighting with the stabbing gladius.\n\nThe lorica segmenta armour was adopted because it was cheaper to make and offered more protection as the earlier chainmail.

{roman_legionary_cohort_ii_descr_short}
Well-armed and armoured infantrymen, who go into combat flinging heavy spears that are followed up with hand-to-hand attacks.

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{roman_legionary_first_cohort_ii}	Legionary First Cohort

{roman_legionary_first_cohort_ii_descr}
Legionary Eagle\nDisciplined\nHardy\nCan Use Testudo Formation\nSapping Capability\n\nThe Roman first cohort consists of well-armed and armoured infantrymen, who go into combat carrying the symbol of Roman power, a Legionary Eagle. This is inspirational for other Roman troops. Legionaries are tough, professional troops with good armour and superb weapons. Their hallmarks are discipline, obedience and tactical flexibility. When approaching enemy fortifications, for example, they can use the turtle formation, or testudo, overlapping their shields for protection.\n\nEvery legionary’s banded metal armour, the lorica segmenta, is of very good quality, as is the rest of his gear: a metal helmet and a large curved shield. They fight with two throwing spears (the pilum, plural pila) and a short stabbing sword, the gladius. Each pilum has a soft iron shaft behind the piercing head that is designed to bend as soon as it hits a target, making it impossible to pull out and throw back. Embedded in a shield a pilum hampers an enemy. Embedded in a man, it usually kills. Once the pila have been thrown, the first cohort close and continue fighting with the stabbing gladius.\n\nHistorically, the lorica segmenta was slightly easier and cheaper to manufacture than chainmail, an important consideration when Rome had so many troops in the field.

{roman_legionary_first_cohort_ii_descr_short}
The first cohort consists of well-armed and armoured infantrymen, who go into combat carrying a Legionary Eagle, an inspirational symbol for other Roman troops.

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{roman_praetorian_cohort_i}	Praetorian Cohort

{roman_praetorian_cohort_i_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nHardy\nCan Use Testudo Formation\nSapping Capability\n\nA Praetorian cohort is made up of elite Legionaries, recruited because of their superb soldiering skills and political loyalties. A general can rely on this unit. Praetorian training is, as might be expected, both demanding and incredibly thorough. These men are some of the best, toughest, most unflinching soldiers in Rome, and they know it!\n\nTheir equipment is much the same as other legionaries, but better made. Every praetorian wears banded armour, the lorica segmenta, a metal helmet and carries a large curved shield. They fight with two heavy throwing spears (the pilum, plural pila) and a short stabbing sword, the gladius. Each pilum has a soft iron shaft behind the piercing head that is designed to bend as soon as it hits a target, making it impossible to pull out and throw back. Once the pila have been thrown, praetorians close and continue fighting with the stabbing gladius. They can also use the testudo, or tortoise, to protect themselves from missiles.\n\nHistorically, the original praetorians were the 'bravest of the brave' chosen to guard the praetorium - the tent of the legate of the legion when in the field. These men came to act as bodyguards for all important generals, before being made into specific formations that were considered useful in politics as well as war. It was Augustus who established the Praetorian Guard as both a bodyguard and for useful intimidation in Rome. It was under the later Emperors that the Praetorians developed a taste for conspiracy and murder. 

{roman_praetorian_cohort_i_descr_short}
A Praetorian cohort is made up of elite legionaries, recruited because of their superb soldiering skills and political loyalties.

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{roman_praetorian_cohort_urban_i}	Urban Cohort

{roman_praetorian_cohort_urban_i_descr}
Beyond Elite!\nDisciplined\nHardy\nCan Use Testudo Formation\nSapping Capability\n\nAn urban cohort is made up of elite legionaries, recruited because of their superb soldiering skills and loyalty. These are heavy infantry who, when not performing garrison duties in the vital cities of the empire, fight as heavy infantry - the men who do the real work in a Roman army!\n\nTraining for any man in an urban cohort is demanding and produces incredibly tough men. The results are the best, toughest, most unflinching soldiers in the Roman world, men who will stop at little to achieve their goals. The urban cohorts are equipped with the same gear as legionaries - it is the men inside the uniform that make them effective - and wear banded armour, the lorica segmenta, metal helmets and carry large shields. They fight with two pila (singular, pilum), throwing spears with soft iron shafts that are designed to bend as soon as they hit making them impossible to fling back. They also carry short stabbing swords for close work.\n\nHistorically, the urban cohorts were a police force for Rome established by Augustus, and were commanded to keep order. Although outnumbered, they were a counterbalance of sorts to the power of the Praetorian Guards within the city. Life in the urban cohorts was better than in the 'line' legions, as pay and service conditions were better. Other urban cohorts were established in the larger cities of the Empire in later years, and the prefect in charge of the cohorts often became an important political figure.

{roman_praetorian_cohort_urban_i_descr_short}
The Urban cohorts are an elite within the Praetorian Guard, dedicated to the defence of Rome and its cities.

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{roman_arcani}	Arcani

{roman_arcani_descr}
Elite\nHide Anywhere\nVery Hardy\nSapping Ability\n\nThey are a shadowy part of the Roman army organised in small groups and competent in camouflage and deception. The arcani exist almost as a secret society whose very name should not be spoken.\n\nThe armour they wear is finely crafted so that while it offers great protection, it will not slow or tire the fantastically fit arcani troops. Their face masks mean opposing troops may even flee in terror when surprised by a group of these blood-thirsty killers!

{roman_arcani_descr_short}
Arcani are small units of elite stealth troops well suited for laying ambushes for enemy skirmishers and missile troops.

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{roman_wardogs}	Wardogs

{roman_wardogs_descr}
Hardy (handlers)\n\nWardogs are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild boar! The beasts are muscular and powerful. Originally bred for hunting large prey, they are now trained to hunt and attack men. Wardogs are usually unleashed on an enemy to break a line and unnerve opponents. Few men are able to stand steadily in the face of a snarling and partially-starved beast. The dogs are trained to bite and hold on, dragging down their human targets, and hamstringing horses.\n\nTheir handlers are brave, hardy and not easily intimidated: many have fingers, hands or even chunks of limbs missing!

{roman_wardogs_descr_short}
Wardogs are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild boar!

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{roman_incendiary_pigs}	Incendiary Pigs

{roman_incendiary_pigs_descr}
Hardy (handlers)\n\nIncendiary pigs are 'one shot' weapons intended to spread panic and terror amongst enemies, particularly mounted troops.\n\nThe pigs are coated in pitch, tar and oil, and herded towards the enemy. At the right moment, the pigs are ignited by their handlers and, not unnaturally, they run away in pain and terror - hopefully towards the enemy. Apart from goring anyone foolish enough to get in their way, the pigs are tremendously disruptive to formations. They are also very frightening for elephants in particular, and this is their main use in warfare.\n\nPigs can only be fired up once during a battle, and few survive for long. 

{roman_incendiary_pigs_descr_short}
Incendiary pigs are 'one shot' weapons intended to spread panic and terror amongst enemies, particularly elephants.

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{roman_samnite_gladiator}	Samnite Gladiators

{roman_samnite_gladiator_descr}
Beyond Elite!\nImpetuous\nVery Hardy\nSapping Ability\n\nSamnite gladiators are more than just soldiers. They are superb individual fighters, unmatched by any ordinary warriors. They fight wearing little armour - their lot in life isn't necessarily to live, but to die in an entertaining manner. Samnites would normally fight as one half of a matched pair, but on a battlefield they form a unit all of their own.\n\nThey are a specialised elite, one that cares little for personal safety as the only way to attain any reward is through victory! Gladiators, after all, are part of the damnati: the disgraced, the condemned, the untouchables in society. There is nowhere else for them to go in the search for freedom. 

{roman_samnite_gladiator_descr_short}
Samnite gladiators are more than mere soldiers - they are superb individual fighters, unmatched by ordinary warriors.

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{roman_mirmillo_gladiator}	Mirmillo Gladiators

{roman_mirmillo_gladiator_descr}
Beyond Elite!\nImpetuous\nVery Hardy\nSapping Ability\n\nMirmillo gladiators are superb individual fighters, unmatched by any ordinary soldiers. They wear apparently impractical armour, but then it is designed to stop a quick kill in the arena, not necessarily keep them alive in a battle. They would normally fight singly as half of a matched pair, against another style of fighter, but on a battlefield they form a unit all of their own.\n\nThey care little for personal safety as they are part of the damnati: the disgraced, the condemned, the untouchables in society. They fight; they win; they may gain freedom... eventually. 

{roman_mirmillo_gladiator_descr_short}
Mirmillo gladiators are superb individual fighters, unmatched by ordinary warriors.

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{roman_light_cavalry}	Equites

{roman_light_cavalry_descr}
Can Form Wedge\n\nEquites are light cavalrymen armed with spears. In the Roman system of war, they are intended to drive off skirmishers and pursue fleeing enemies. The word equites means 'horsemen', and they are recruited from among the well-off sections of society. They wear little armour and only carry spears and shields. As a result, they can charge enemies, but may be cut to pieces by a prepared defensive line of spearmen if these were attacked head on. Instead, they should be used against the flanks or rear of units, or to keep missile troops and skirmishers away from the main Roman heavy infantry (who are the real killers of a Roman army).\n\nHistorically, equites were drawn from the equestrian classes - literally the rich people who could afford to own horses - and they spent their own money on both horse and war gear.

{roman_light_cavalry_descr_short}
Equites are light cavalrymen armed with spears. In the Roman system of war, they are intended to drive off skirmishers and pursue fleeing enemies.

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{roman_cavalry_auxillia}	Cavalry Auxilia

{roman_cavalry_auxillia_descr}
Can Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nCavalry auxilia are javelin-armed mounted skirmishers who strike quickly and retire with equal and prudent haste. They do not wear armour, but do carry shields and swords so that they can fight in their own defence should the need arise. They are, however, best used to harass a mass of enemy units such as heavy infantry. Such targets cannot hope to catch them! They are not ideally suited to fighting other skirmishers, as many of their javelins will be wasted against targets that can dodge, but they can be very useful in harrying fleeing enemies and driving them from the field.

{roman_cavalry_auxillia_descr_short}
Cavalry auxilia are javelin-armed mounted skirmishers who strike quickly and retire with equal (and prudent) haste.

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{roman_heavy_cavalry}	Legionary Cavalry

{roman_heavy_cavalry_descr}
Superior\nDisciplined\nHardy\nCan Form Wedge\n\nLegionary cavalry are a heavy force of spear-armed cavalry who charge home using shock and mass to achieve victory. They are tough, disciplined riders - a notable advantage compared to many cavalry units who are composed of headstrong and impetuous 'nobility'. They are probably wasted when used to ride down skirmishers and missile troops, but they have the power to be able to smash heavier infantry formations apart, and severely disrupt other cavalry. They must, however, take care when attacking prepared spearmen, and should certainly avoid a frontal charge in this case whenever possible.\n\nThey wear good armour and carry shields; their weapons are the spear (lancea) and long sword (spatha), both of which are deadly in the hands of an expert.\n\nHistorically, Rome's best cavalry forces were organised into wings (or alae, singular ala) rather than cohorts, and recruited from among horse-culture minorities within Rome's borders. Generally, this meant that cavalry were predominantly non-Italian, the opposite of the legionaries' composition. Romans had developed the art of fighting as infantry, and relied on others to provide what they considered to be the supporting arms such as cavalry.

{roman_heavy_cavalry_descr_short}
Legionary cavalry are a heavy force of spear-armed cavalry who charge home using shock and mass to achieve victory.

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{roman_praetorian_cavalry}	Praetorian Cavalry

{roman_praetorian_cavalry_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nHardy\nCan Form Wedge\n\nPraetorian cavalry are an elite within the elite: dedicated bodyguards who serve as heavy cavalry. Praetorian training is, as might be expected, demanding and thorough. These men are some of the best, toughest, most unflinching soldiers in Rome - and good cavalrymen to boot! As heavy cavalry, it is their task to smash enemy formations and drive them from the field, fighting with their cavalry-pattern swords (longer than the original legionary gladius) once close combat is joined.\n\n\n\nHistorically, the original praetorians were men chosen to guard the tent (the praetorium) of the legion's legate. These men came to act as bodyguards for all important generals, and then became an elite quite separate from the originating legions. It was under the Emperors that the Praetorians developed a taste for conspiracy and murder, eventually even auctioning the Empire to the highest bidder!

{roman_praetorian_cavalry_descr_short}
Praetorian cavalry are an elite within the elite: dedicated bodyguards who serve as heavy cavalry.

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{roman_generals_guard_cavalry_early}	Roman General

{roman_generals_guard_cavalry_early_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nThis general has a bodyguard of loyal spear-armed cavalry to accompany him onto the field. Armed with spears, these men are shock cavalry, able to deliver a devastating charge attack; they are then well trained enough to fight effectively in continued hand-to-hand combat.\n\nLike all general's guards, this unit is best committed to the fight at the point of crisis, when the general's inspirational leadership and the combat power of his men can tip the balance.

{roman_generals_guard_cavalry_early_descr_short}
This general has a bodyguard of loyal spear-armed cavalry to accompany him onto the field.

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{roman_ballista}	Ballistas

{roman_ballista_descr}
Hardy (crew)\n\nA Ballista is a sinew-powered weapon that looks like an enormous crossbow. It has tremendous range and can skewer files of men with a single bolt!\n\nWhile a Ballista might look like a huge crossbow, its working principles are rather different. The two arms are pushed through ropes made of tough animal sinew. This naturally elastic material is then twisted, and becomes a hugely powerful spring, pulling each arm forwards. The arms are pulled back, creating even more tension, the Ballista is loaded with a missile, and then this is shot at the enemy with considerable force.\n\nProviding care is taken to make sure that the two sinew bundles are under the same tension, the Ballista is a very accurate weapon, but because sinew is sensitive to damp a Ballista does not work well in wet weather.

{roman_ballista_descr_short}
A Ballista is a sinew-powered weapon that looks like an enormous crossbow. It has tremendous range and can skewer files of men with a single bolt! 

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{roman_scorpion}	Scorpions

{roman_scorpion_descr}
Hardy (crew)\n\nA Roman scorpion is a sinew-powered weapon that looks like a large bow laid sideways on a frame. It has a tremendous range and can skewer a man with a single shot!\n\nWhile a scorpion might look like a huge bow, its working principles are rather different. The two arms are pushed through ropes made of tough animal sinew which is then twisted, becoming a hugely powerful spring, pulling each arm forwards. The arms are pulled back, creating even more tension, the scorpion is loaded with a missile, and then this is shot at the enemy with considerable force and accuracy.\n\nProviding care is taken to make sure that the two sinew bundles are under the same tension, the scorpion is a very accurate weapon, but because sinew is sensitive to damp a scorpion may not work properly in wet weather.

{roman_scorpion_descr_short}
A Roman scorpion is a sinew-powered weapon that looks like a large bow laid sideways on a frame. It has a tremendous range and can skewer a man with a single shot! 

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{roman_onager}	Onagers

{roman_onager_descr}
Hardy (crew)\nFires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThe onager is a catapult jokingly named for the tremendous kick it has when fired at the enemy (an "onager" is a wild ass). This war machine is powered by a twisted spring of animal sinew ropes, the most elastic substance available. \n\nThe throwing arm is held in tension by the sinews. When pulled back and held by a catch it can fling a boulder with considerable speed and range. This version can be used for reducing stone fortifications, but it can also be used on the battlefield for destroying enemy artillery and harassing troops (although admittedly by killing some of them outright).\n\nThe onager can also be used to launch incendiary missiles such as firepots, making it a versatile piece of artillery to any commander.

{roman_onager_descr_short}
The onager is a versatile catapult that can launch boulders or incendiary firepots at enemy troops and fortifications.

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{roman_repeating_ballistae}	Repeating Ballistas

{roman_repeating_ballistae_descr}
Hardy (crew)\n\nThe repeating ballista is a semi-automatic artillery weapon. As long as it is loaded with bolts and cranked it will keep firing. The basic design is similar to a ballista: twisted animal sinew ropes provide the power. There is an ingenious winding mechanism that draws back the arms, drops a bolt into place and then releases a catch - and all this happens repeatedly as long as a windlass is turned.\n\nThis makes it a perfect weapon for creating a 'beaten zone' or targeting large enemy formations, when speed of fire is more important than pinpoint accuracy.

{roman_repeating_ballistae_descr_short}
The repeating ballista is a semi-automatic artillery weapon. As long as it is loaded with bolts and cranked it will keep firing.

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{eastern_rebel_generals}	Rebel General

{eastern_rebel_generals_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nThis rebel general has a bodyguard of loyal and mail-armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field. Armed with javelins, they can stand off from enemies and pepper them with missiles but, thanks to their heavy mail, shields, and swords, can also charge home and fight effectively in hand-to-hand combat. Like all general's guards, this unit is best committed to the fight at the point of crisis, when the general's inspirational leadership and the combat power of his men can tip the balance.

{eastern_rebel_generals_descr_short}
This rebel general has a bodyguard of loyal and mail-armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field.

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{barb_rebel_general}	Rebel General

{barb_rebel_general_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Unit\n\nA barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis.\n\nEvery warlord commands by right of personal courage as much as tactical skill, and this is doubly true of a rebel who has gone against the established order of his tribe and people. He and his guards are equipped as cavalry with spears, leather armour and shields so that they can dash to any point on the battlefield. The warlord can inspire his men to greater efforts just by his presence, and also has enough men in his guard to be a significant force.

{barb_rebel_general_descr_short}
A barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis. 

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{judean_zealots}	Judean Zealots

{judean_zealots_descr}
Elite\nImpetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nThese are fanatical and dangerous warriors who will gladly sacrifice themselves in battle if this brings victory and freedom closer. Long downtrodden by a succession of conquerors, the people of Judea have substituted courage for war gear when in battle. Although poorly armed as spearmen, these men will sacrifice themselves.\n\nTheir ranks are swelled by deserters from many armies as well as by the professional warriors of the temple guard, but they are often chaotically organised into many separate groups, sects, fronts, movements, factions and so on. Their loyalty may be to Judea, but each group is its own 'one true' resistance movement, or peoples' front, or popular front.

{judean_zealots_descr_short}
These are fanatical and dangerous warriors who will gladly sacrifice themselves in battle if this brings victory and freedom closer.

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{merc_peltast}	Mercenary Peltasts

{merc_peltast_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\nCan Hide in Long Grass\nSapping Ability\n\nMercenary peltasts are lightly equipped, fast-moving skirmishers who wear down enemies with a hail of accurately thrown javelins. \n\nTheir strength lies in their ability to move through broken or rough terrain, and to stay away from enemies. They also carry straight swords and small shields (the pelte that gives them their title). \n\nAs a result, they can fight quite effectively against other units of skirmishers but are vulnerable if caught in the open by cavalry. They are, however, perfect for use in tactical ambushes, attacking careless enemies who have not spotted them.

{merc_peltast_descr_short}
Mercenary peltasts are efficient skirmishers who can defeat other light troops in close combat, but are vulnerable to cavalry attacks. 

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{merc_illyrian}	Illyrian Mercenaries

{merc_illyrian_descr}
Impetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nIllyrian mercenaries are aggressive barbarian skirmishers accustomed to operating in rough terrain who are liable to attack without orders. They come from the tribes in the western Balkans. These troops are unruly skirmishers equipped with javelins and large shields, as well as short swords for close combat.\n\nThe Illyrian tribes are experienced land and sea raiders, and their chief joy is the prospect of plunder! One of the more famed Illyrian kings, Bardylis, built his success and reputation on the basis of his equitable distribution of the spoils after each successful battle. This expectation of loot contributes to their occasional over-enthusiasm to get into a fight.\n\nThese troops are effective ambushers, and they have good prospects of defeating most other skirmishers in combat.

{merc_illyrian_descr_short}
Illyrian mercenaries are aggressive barbarian skirmishers accustomed to operating in rough terrain who are liable to attack without orders.

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{merc_samnite}	Samnite Mercenaries

{merc_samnite_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nSamnite mercenaries are relatively dependable light infantry but should not be expected to hold crucial sections of a battle line. They are not capable of standing up to professional heavy infantry, but their spears, bronze breastplates and large shields make them suited to fighting against light and medium cavalry.\n\nThe Samnites come from the Apennine highlands of central and southern Italy. Having lost the battle for regional supremacy to the Romans, they often served in the invading armies of Rome's enemies.

{merc_samnite_descr_short}
Samnite mercenaries are dependable light infantry, but should not be expected to hold crucial sections of a battle line.

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{merc_thracian}	Thracian Mercenaries

{merc_thracian_descr}
Impetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nThracian mercenaries are fearsome barbarian warriors, experts with the rhomphaia, a deadly bladed weapon that can cleave enemy infantry. These troops fight in loose formations, as they need space to wield their weapons to full advantage. They are best employed to cut into tightly packed enemy units, but can also give a good account of themselves against light cavalry.\n \nThe rhomphaia itself is a frightening weapon, used either one or two-handed. It comprises a curved, poleaxe weapon, and as the blade is sharpened along the inner edge, the damage on the blow is done with a pulling motion. When used properly, a rhomphaia can easily hack off limbs or decapitate an enemy.\n\nThracians are renowned for their love of battle, and victorious warriors often return to camp singing songs and displaying severed heads impaled on their rhomphaias. This love of a good fight also encourages them to attack from time to time without orders. A Greek writer once said that they could conquer the world - if they ever stop fighting each other for long enough!

{merc_thracian_descr_short}
Thracian barbarians are best used to hack through enemy infantry. They are not subtle warriors! 

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{merc_bastarnae}	Bastarnae Mercenaries

{merc_bastarnae_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nThe Bastarnae are a particularly ferocious tribe from the northern Balkans who rejoice in man-to-man combat. Some scribes would have it that there are no fiercer men in battle, and they are a formidable resource for any commander: they are highly unlikely to break and run.\n\nEven their weapon of choice - the rhomphaia - is a cruel looking, curved blade sharpened on the inner edge, like a sickle. With one blow, this weapon is capable of severing an arm or leg. Each Bastarnae warrior also carries a small shield, which other than his helmet is his only protection, not that this lack of armour worries these fearless fighters for a moment!\n\nOften tattooed and with blue-dyed hair, the only concern with such battle-hungry fighters is that they are liable to fling themselves into the fray at the earliest opportunity. 

{merc_bastarnae_descr_short}
Fierce warriors adept at close quarters against other infantry, Bastarnae may attack without orders.

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{merc_sarmatian_cavalry}	Sarmatian Mercenaries

{merc_sarmatian_cavalry_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nSarmatian mercenaries are heavy cavalry from the tribes of the steppes. They are superb warriors, heavily armoured and well equipped, and an almost unstoppable force when at full charge.\n\nThey wear chainmail tunics that hang down to their knees, reinforced with scales of animal horn. Each Sarmatian cavalryman carries a two-handed lance (called a kontos), and this is used during a full charge into melee. If the enemy doesn’t break each man also carries a sword, but no shield. As with many ‘elites’, they are not averse to charging worthy enemies without orders. \n\nThe Sarmatians are almost notorious for their widespread banditry, and many serve as mercenaries. Historically, thousands were sent to Britannia under the Emperors where many settled after garrison duty.

{merc_sarmatian_cavalry_descr_short}
Sarmatian mercenaries are superb heavy cavalry, notwithstanding their reputation for banditry. 

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{merc_horse_archers}	Scythian Mercenaries

{merc_horse_archers_descr}
Hardy\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nScythian mercenaries are superb horse archers, well able to inflict losses as they harass enemies.\n\nHorse-archery is the defining characteristic of warfare on the wide-open steppes, and these mercenaries are extremely accomplished horsemen and archers\n\nTheir tactics are often to circle the enemy, thickening the air with arrows until they are sufficiently weakened for heavier troops to launch a full assault. Their good horsemanship means catching them with a counter-charge is difficult, even with light cavalry, and they possess enormous stamina, hardened by crossing vast distances on the plains of their homelands.\n\nThe Scythians are not the most refined of races, covering their quivers with human skin, and not washing themselves for months. In camp, they are usually best well away from more 'civilised' units!

{merc_horse_archers_descr_short}
Scythian mercenaries are superb horse archers, well able to inflict losses as they harass enemies.

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{merc_spanish_infantry}	Spanish Mercenaries

{merc_spanish_infantry_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nThese Spanish mercenaries are well-equipped light infantry, sometimes referred to as scutarii by the Romans because of their large oval shields (the Latin for shield being ‘scutum’). Armed with heavy javelins as well as swords, they fight by bombarding the enemy and then closing to fight hand to hand, in a similar way to Roman legionaries.\n\nCenturies of feuding among the Spanish hill tribes have hardened the people so there is no shortage of tough, brave warriors.\n\nHistorically, the design of the later Roman legionary sword (or gladius) was influenced by the blades carried by these men. The design was adopted after Roman armies had faced large formations of scutarii during the First Punic War.

{merc_spanish_infantry_descr_short}
Spanish mercenaries are general purpose light infantry, although they can skirmish if necessary.

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{merc_eastern_infantry}	Eastern Mercenaries

{merc_eastern_infantry_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nThese mercenaries are spearmen, though their lack of armour and training means they can't match most professional infantry. They carry a 2m long spear and a large shield.\n\nMany of these mercenaries would once have been peasants or urban poor recruited into the standing army of an Eastern kingdom; with no homes to return to, they have taken to a life of soldiering.\n\nWhile they may be numerous, they are often not well paid by their captains, and their motivation can be a little bit suspect. Individually they are not skilled fighters, but as a group they can be used to hold a line against lighter cavalry and lower-quality infantry.

{merc_eastern_infantry_descr_short}
Spearmen provide effective defence against cavalry, but are vulnerable to missiles because of their close-packed ranks.

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{merc_rhodian_slingers}	Rhodian Slingers

{merc_rhodian_slingers_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nSapping Ability\n\nThese superior mercenaries from the island of Rhodes are famed for their ability as slingers. They can maintain a sustained and concentrated barrage on an enemy before rapidly falling back to avoid hand-to-hand combat.\n \nRhodian slingers carry a shoulder bag with lead shot and several spare slings suitable for various ranges (a shot typically weighs no more than 55g - a couple of ounces). Trained from infancy, these missile troops also include men drawn from the hilly areas of mainland Greece.\n\nThey carry only a small shield for protection, and are best kept out of hand-to-hand combat. They are, however, highly mobile and don’t tire easily.

{merc_rhodian_slingers_descr_short}
Mercenary slingers from Rhodes are famed as superior missile troops, although they are vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat.

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{merc_cretan_archers}	Cretan Archers

{merc_cretan_archers_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nSapping Ability\n\nThe archers of Crete are famed for their abilities. They can rain arrows on their opponents, not just bombard them!\n\nThese men can be used to soften up a battle line before the main fight is joined, or be placed behind a line of defensive troops such as spearmen. If left unprotected they are vulnerable to attacks by cavalry and light skirmishers, as they have little chance of lasting for long in hand-to-hand combat.\n\nHistorically, the term ‘Cretan’ came to represent a fighting style rather than an area of origin, so many of these mercenaries are from elsewhere in the Greek world. Those originally from Crete are highly valued in cities and towns on the mainland as archery instructors.

{merc_cretan_archers_descr_short}
The archers of Crete are famed for their abilities. They can rain arrows on their opponents, not just bombard them!

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{merc_greek_hoplites}	Mercenary Hoplites

{merc_greek_hoplites_descr}
Hardy\nCan Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nHoplites are spearmen that are most effective in the formidable, if slightly inflexible, phalanx formation: a tight block of men presenting many spear points to the enemy. Operating in such a fashion, these units are a powerful force against infantry or cavalry. Hoplite tactics are simple: a unit generally approaches in normal order, and then closes up into a phalanx so that each soldier is protected by the overlapping shield of his neighbour. It is simply a matter of closing with the enemy as quickly as possible to decide the battle. \n\nThe basis of military power in ancient Greece was the hoplite and his willingness to fight alongside his fellow citizens, but now these troops are some of the most effective mercenaries in the known world. Hoplites wear a hardened leather cuirass breastplate, and carry both a round shield (the hoplon) and a thrusting spear. This spear has a bronze butt-spike to plant in the ground (bronze, unlike iron, does not rust), which doubles as a weapon if the spear shaft breaks.

{merc_greek_hoplites_descr_short}
Hoplites are spearmen who are most effective in the formidable, if slightly inflexible, phalanx formation. 

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{merc_libyan_infantry}	Libyan Mercenaries

{merc_libyan_infantry_descr}
Can Hide in Long Grass\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nLibyan mercenaries are skirmishers. They work well in rough terrain but are vulnerable if caught in the open by cavalry. These mercenaries are used to break up enemy units with a shower of javelins - a traditional weapon in Libya - as the battle lines close on each other. They cannot be expected to fight well in a melee. They are generally similar to the peltasts of other nations: light infantry who carry javelins, swords and small shields (usually fashioned from hardened ostrich hide). Other than a leather cap they wear no armour. \n\nThey are mobile enough to stay out of trouble but are, as is so often the case with skirmishers, vulnerable when caught on open ground. They are best used in broken and wooded terrain, where they can hide and ambush enemy formations before the main battle is joined.

{merc_libyan_infantry_descr_short}
Libyan mercenaries are skirmishers. They work well in rough terrain but are vulnerable if caught in the open by cavalry.

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{merc_numidian_cavalry}	Numidian Mercenaries

{merc_numidian_cavalry_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nNumidian cavalry are superb mounted skirmishers who weaken the enemy with javelins. Numidia produces the finest cavalry in all Africa, if not the Western Mediterranean world. Armed with javelins, these mercenaries can be a nightmare for an opponent as it can prove practically impossible to pin them down in combat!\n\nTheir tactics are to pelt the enemy with deadly volleys of javelins, and then swiftly retreat. If the enemy stand, they are slaughtered with volleys of javelins. If they run, the Numidian cavalry can ride them down!\n\nInstinctive riders, the Numidians are famed for not using a saddle or reins, using only a stick to direct their horses. Nevertheless, they manoeuvre with 'the grace of a flock of birds'. Having adapted to the broken expanses of their homelands, Numidian cavalry also have great stamina. 

{merc_numidian_cavalry_descr_short}
Numidian cavalry are superb mounted skirmishers who weaken the enemy with javelins.

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{merc_arab_cavalry}	Arab Cavalry

{merc_arab_cavalry_descr}
Hardy\nCan Form Wedge\n\nBands of desert cavalrymen are often drawn towards the Mediterranean world to offer their services to the highest bidder as tough light cavalry who are at home in hot, dry conditions. They make excellent scouts, and can sweep down on a broken foe or an exposed unit of skirmishers, but their lack of formal military training means they are at a disadvantage in a serious fight.\n\nArmed with scimitar-style swords and equipped with shields made from woven reeds, they wear no armour due to the heat of the desert sun. Instead, they cover themselves with traditional robes, which are also protection against roaring sandstorms.

{merc_arab_cavalry_descr_short}
Desert-dwelling cavalry make excellent scouts, especially in harsh conditions, but they are not equipped for prolonged combat.

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{merc_balearic_slingers}	Balearic Slingers

{merc_balearic_slingers_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nSapping Ability\n\nThese superior mercenaries from the Balearic Isles are famed for their ability as slingers. They can maintain a sustained and concentrated barrage on an enemy before rapidly falling back to avoid hand-to-hand combat.\n\nSlingers carry a shoulder bag with lead shot and several spare slings suitable for various ranges (a shot typically weighs no more than 55g - a couple of ounces). Trained from infancy, these missile troops carry only a small shield for protection, and are best kept out of hand-to-hand combat. They are, however, highly mobile and don’t tire easily.\n\nHistorically, Balearic mercenaries didn't always get paid in gold for their services. They weren't averse to payments in kind, such as wine and women!

{merc_balearic_slingers_descr_short}
Mercenary slingers from the Balearic isles are famed as superior missile troops, although they are vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat.

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{merc_barbarian_infantry}	Barbarian Mercenaries

{merc_barbarian_infantry_descr}
Impetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nThe men of a spear warband are effective against cavalry and most infantry, but lack the discipline of more 'civilized' troops. Their spears, however, make them valuable defensive warriors for any commander, and in common with other barbarians they are expert at using cover to hide.\n\nThe warband is the basic unit of any barbarian army. These particular warriors have given their loyalty to a strong leader rather than their tribe. Each warrior is protected by a combination of a large shield and clothing made from furs and leather.

{merc_barbarian_infantry_descr_short}
The men of a spear warband are effective against cavalry and most infantry, but lack the discipline of more 'civilized' troops.

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{merc_barbarian_cavalry}	Barbarian Cavalry Mercenaries

{merc_barbarian_cavalry_descr}
Impetuous\nCan Form Wedge\n\nMercenary barbarian cavalry ride sturdy and sure-footed horses, and are excellent light cavalry, useful as scouts and to pursue fleeing enemies. They are drawn from the elite of their tribe and, even though they are now mercenaries, fight bravely to justify their status. This can lead them to be headstrong, and difficult to restrain before a fight, as personal glory gained in battle is always welcome. Their war gear of spears and shields is the very finest that can be provided.\n\nThey are best used to break weakened enemy formations, fight against other cavalry and pursue fleeing enemies. While they are brave men and superb horsemen, they lack the cohesion of more 'civilized' cavalry, and may not be as effective in a hand-to-hand fight. Shock and initial impact are their main weapons.

{merc_barbarian_cavalry_descr_short}
Mercenary barbarian cavalry ride sturdy and sure-footed horses, and are excellent light cavalry, useful as scouts and to pursue fleeing enemies.

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{merc_elephants}	Mercenary War Elephants

{merc_elephants_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nFrightens Cavalry\nFrightens Infantry\nCan Run Amok\n\nWar elephants are large, fierce and unpredictable beasts, and terrifying in battle. They are the ultimate shock troops available to any commander. They are used to break enemy lines and simply intimidate enemies into running away.\n\nEach elephant carries a tower with two archers, but they can also gore and trample opponents. The catch with elephants is that they can panic when injured and run amok. In this case, anyone who gets in the way is in danger, regardless of whether or not they are friend or foe. Elephant drivers have been known to carry chisels and mallets so that they can kill panicked animals with a blow to the base of the skull before the beasts can cause too much chaos.

{merc_elephants_descr_short}
War elephants are large, fierce and unpredictable beasts, and terrifying in battle. They are the ultimate shock troops available to any commander. 

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{naval_quinquireme}	Quinquireme

{naval_quinquireme_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nA quinquireme is a powerful, but lumbering, warship intended for fleet actions. Its mass makes it hard to sink.\n\nThe bulk of the crew are rowers as there are five men to each oar; this pulling power is good, but maintaining ramming or battle speed is very tiring for the men. Consequently, quinquiremes also carry a detachment of marines and some shipboard artillery as means of attack - when you can't be sure of ramming an opponent, bombardment or boarding become the most effective tactics.

{naval_quinquireme_descr_short}
A quinquireme is a powerful, but lumbering, warship intended for fleet actions. Its mass makes it hard to sink. 

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{barbarian_civ_peasant}	Barbarian Tribesmen

{barbarian_civ_peasant_descr}
;not required

{barbarian_civ_peasant_descr_short}
A member of a barbarian tribe, probably up to no good.

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{barbarian_female_peasant}	Barbarian Tribesmen

{barbarian_female_peasant_descr}
;not required

{barbarian_female_peasant_descr_short}
A member of a barbarian tribe, probably up to no good.

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{carthaginian_civ_peasant}	Carthaginian Civilians

{carthaginian_civ_peasant_descr}
;not required

{carthaginian_civ_peasant_descr_short}
A labouring Carthaginian peasant, looking to stay out of trouble.

¬----------------

{carthaginian_female_peasant}	Carthaginian Civilians

{carthaginian_female_peasant_descr}
;not required

{carthaginian_female_peasant_descr_short}
A labouring Carthaginian peasant, looking to stay out of trouble.

¬----------------

{eastern_civ_peasant}	Eastern Workers

{eastern_civ_peasant_descr}
;not required

{eastern_civ_peasant_descr_short}
An hard-working peasant, seeking to escape death at the hands of enemy soldiers.

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{eastern_female_peasant}	Eastern Workers

{eastern_female_peasant_descr}
;not required

{eastern_female_peasant_descr_short}
An hard-working peasant, seeking to escape death at the hands of enemy soldiers.

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{egyptian_civ_peasant}	Egyptian Workers

{egyptian_civ_peasant_descr}
;not required

{egyptian_civ_peasant_descr_short}
An Egyptian worker, trying to avoid being killed by his master's enemies.

¬----------------

{egyptian_female_peasant}	Egyptian Workers

{egyptian_female_peasant_descr}
;not required

{egyptian_female_peasant_descr_short}
An Egyptian worker, trying to avoid being killed by her ruler's enemies.

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{greek_civ_peasant}	Greek Citizens

{greek_civ_peasant_descr}
;not required

{greek_civ_peasant_descr_short}
A Greek labourer, philosophically inclined to run away from danger!

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{greek_female_peasant}	Greek Citizens

{greek_female_peasant_descr}
;not required

{greek_female_peasant_descr_short}
A Greek labourer, more interested in escape than the war!

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{egyptian_cavalry}	Desert Cavalry

{egyptian_cavalry_descr}
Hardy\nCan Form Wedge\n\nDesert cavalry are fast moving horsemen armed with axes for close combat. They are not heavily armoured, but do have shields for protection, giving them good prospects of surviving in melee.\n\nThey are well suited to hunting down skirmishers and other infantry, but may suffer undue casualties against heavier cavalry forces.\n\nThese are hardy soldiers, and untiring in combat, as might be expected from recruits taken from desert dwelling people at the margins of Egypt's lands.

{egyptian_cavalry_descr_short}
Desert cavalry are fast moving horsemen armed with axes for close combat.

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{roman_velite_gladiator}	Velite Gladiators

{roman_velite_gladiator_descr}
Beyond Elite!\nImpetuous\nVery Hardy\nSapping Ability\n\nVelite gladiators are more than mere light infantrymen - they are superb individual fighters, unmatched by any ordinary warriors. They fight wearing little armour - their lot in life isn't always to live through a fight, but to die in an entertaining manner. The style of the velite is one that uses only a spear and shield combination, relying on natural agility to avoid injury and death.\n\nGladiators are used in battle as a specialised elite, one that cares little for personal safety - the only way to attain freedom is through victory! Gladiators, after all, are part of the damnati: the disgraced, the condemned, and the untouchables in society. There is nowhere else for them to go.

{roman_velite_gladiator_descr_short}
Velite gladiators are more than mere light infantrymen - they are superb individual fighters, unmatched by any ordinary warriors.

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{merc_bedouin_archers}	Bedouin Archers

{merc_bedouin_archers_descr}
Hardy\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\nFrightens Cavalry\n\nThese mercenaries are light camel archers from the nomadic tribes of Arabia. They are rugged men used to harsh conditions and neither they nor their camel steeds tire quickly. With their excellent mobility they can shower an enemy with arrows and retreat from the first signs of trouble. In addition, cavalry are unlikely to be successful when sent in pursuit because the strange - and strong - smell of camels is deeply unsettling for horses.\n\nThese men are masters of the bow, but then life in the desert is harsh and those who do not master survival skills are unlikely to live for long. Although they have defensive weaponry, they should not be sent into a melee unless the situation is dire and nothing else can be done. 

{merc_bedouin_archers_descr_short}
These mercenaries are light camel archers from the nomadic tribes of Arabia. They are rugged men used to harsh conditions.

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{barb_chariot_light_briton}	British Light Chariots

{barb_chariot_light_briton_descr}
Elite\nImpetuous\nFrightens Infantry\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nLight chariots are very fast, very noisy and, when used in large numbers, quite intimidating. They combine the swiftness of cavalry with the 'staying power' of infantry. The drivers concentrate on controlling the chariots, while their passengers fire arrow after arrow into the target. They can also simply charge into an enemy, perform the same scouting duties as cavalry, harass enemies with missiles and may even be worth sacrificing to break a previously unyielding enemy line. They can also be very effective in pursuing fleeing foes.

{barb_chariot_light_briton_descr_short}
Light chariots are very fast, very noisy and combine the swiftness of cavalry with the 'staying power' of infantry. 

¬----------------

{barb_chariot_heavy_briton}	British Heavy Chariots

{barb_chariot_heavy_briton_descr}
Elite\nImpetuous\nFrightens Infantry\n\nHeavy chariots are an elite in British armies ridden into battle by tribal nobles. They are shock troops, relying on speed and shock to break enemy formations.\n\nEvery man carries a fine sword, and is equipped with a good mail coat and a shield, while his chariot is pulled by two horses.\n\nThey perform the same function as heavy cavalry, charging home to cause casualties before wheeling away to launch a fresh attack. Any infantry foolish enough to stand in the way are ridden down, hacked to pieces by the rider! However, like many barbarians they can sometimes let greed for personal honour and glory lead them into attacking without orders.

{barb_chariot_heavy_briton_descr_short}
Heavy chariots are ridden into battle by elite tribal nobles. They are shock troops, relying on speed and shock to break enemy formations.

¬----------------

{barb_chariot_heavy_slave}	British Heavy Chariots

{barb_chariot_heavy_slave_descr}
Elite\nImpetuous\nFrightens Infantry\n\nHeavy chariots are an elite in British armies ridden into battle by tribal nobles. They are shock troops, relying on speed and shock to break enemy formations.\n\nEvery man carries a fine sword, and is equipped with a good mail coat and a shield, while his chariot is pulled by two horses.\n\nThey perform the same function as heavy cavalry, charging home to cause casualties before wheeling away to launch a fresh attack. Any infantry foolish enough to stand in the way are ridden down, hacked to pieces by the rider! However, like many barbarians they can sometimes let greed for personal honour and glory lead them into attacking without orders.

{barb_chariot_heavy_slave_descr_short}
Heavy chariots are an elite in ridden into battle by tribal nobles. They are shock troops, relying on speed and shock to break enemy formations.

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{roman_principes}	Principes

{roman_principes_descr}
Disciplined\nHardy\nSapping Ability\n\nPrincipes are older, more reliable soldiers who have seen some service. It is their task to be the second line of a legion and carry on the fight once the hastati are spent. They are supposed to carry on the 'wearing down' fight and exhaust the enemy. They are, as a result, capable soldiers and unafraid of combat.\n\nThey are armed with two pila that are thrown at the enemy at close range before they close to fight hand-to-hand. They are each equipped with a sword, a bronze helmet, a large shield and chain armour. The pilum (plural, pila) is a cleverly designed spear with a soft iron shaft behind the point; it bends on impact so that it can’t be thrown back and if it’s stuck in someone or something it is a real hindrance to movement - always assuming whoever it's stuck in isn't dead!\n\nHistorically, principes spent their own money on their equipment and, being older, were in a position to buy better gear than the young hastati. This, along with the age and property requirements, was why they fought as principes.

{roman_principes_descr_short}
Principes are older, more reliable soldiers who have seen some service. They fight as heavy infantry in the second line of battle.

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¬***** Changes made after 13/05/2004 15:33:26
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{egyptian_peltast}	Skirmishers

{egyptian_peltast_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\nCan Hide in Long Grass\nSapping Ability\n\nEgyptian skirmishers rush forward to pepper an enemy with javelins, and then withdraw in good order before a counter-attack can be organised. It is their task to harass and disrupt enemy units as well as screen the main force of the army. They are also adept at staging tactical ambushes.\n\nSkirmishers are equipped with a clutch of javelins, a sword and a light shield. They wear no other armour, and rely on speed as the best form of protection. This doesn't work when facing cavalry!\n\nOddly, many Egyptian skirmishers aren't Egyptians at all, but are recruited from among foreign communities. When they can be found, Egyptian generals favour using Thracians for this role as they are particularly bloodthirsty and known to take the heads of fallen enemies as trophies. 

{egyptian_peltast_descr_short}
Egyptian skirmishers rush forward to pepper an enemy with javelins, and then hope to withdraw in good order before a counter-attack can be organised. 

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¬***** Changes made after 03/06/2004 16:48:00
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{merc_cilician_pirate}	Cilician Pirates

{merc_cilician_pirate_descr}
Superior\nImpetuous\nSapping Ability\n\nThese Cilician mercenaries are excellent and well-armed skirmishers, if somewhat hot-headed! They try to weaken less mobile enemy formations by showering them with harpoons before closing to finish the job with their hand axes.\n\nThe eastern Mediterranean is often a stamping ground for buccaneers and pirates, most notorious among them the Cilicians from the south-eastern coast of Asia Minor. Used to a lawless, brutal life as marines aboard ship, these troops are a merciless force, prepared to give and receive no quarter and not always keen to obey orders.\n\nAlthough there is a lucrative career to be had capturing ships' crews to sell as slaves, many Cilicians seek employment in foreign armies. Their lust for loot and others’ lives makes them inclined to attack first and think later.

{merc_cilician_pirate_descr_short}
These Cilician mercenaries are excellent and well-armed skirmishers, if somewhat hot-headed!

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¬***** Changes made after 04/06/2004 15:48:58
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{carthaginian_infantry}	Iberian Infantry

{carthaginian_infantry_descr}
Sapping Ability\n\nIberian infantry are fast moving close combat infantry. They may not be the best trained troops, but they are cost effective warriors. They are one of the basic units available to generals in the Carthaginian-influenced world. Every Iberian infantryman carries a shield in addition to his short sword, but his only other protection is a helmet; he relies on speed and agility instead of armour. They are best employed against enemy spearmen and, like other infantry, can be vulnerable to cavalry attacks.

{carthaginian_infantry_descr_short}
These infantry are the steady backbone of the armies of Carthage and Spain. Reliable, well-armed and tough, they are armed with falcatas to cut a path into an enemy line.

¬----------------

{scutarii}	Scutarii

{scutarii_descr}
Impetuous\nExpert at Hiding in Forests\n\nScutarii are well-equipped light infantry armed with swords, shields and heavy javelins.They are called by the Romans because of their distinctive, large, oval shields (the Latin for shield being ‘scutum’). They fight with heavy javelins and swords, peppering the enemy with missiles before closing up for hand-to-hand combat. Centuries of feuding among the hill tribes have hardened the people so there is no shortage of tough and cunning warriors - they are quite handy when springing tactical ambushes on enemy units.\n\nHistorically, the design of the later Roman legionary sword (or gladius) was influenced by the blades carried by these men. The design was adopted after Roman armies had faced large formations of scutarii during the First Punic War.

{scutarii_descr_short}
Scutarii are well-equipped light infantry armed with swords, shields and heavy javelins.

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{greek_hoplite_militia}	Militia Hoplites

{greek_hoplite_militia_descr}
Can Form Phalanx\nSapping Ability\n\nMilitia hoplites are levies drawn from cities and thrust into battle with a little training. They fight best as spearmen, and are armed with long spears and each carries the large round hoplon shield which gives them their name. As a type of infantry hoplites have been around for centuries and have changed little in tactics or equipment. These men wear no armour, but then they are drawn from the poorer classes and it is traditional for citizens to provide their own war gear when called into the army. The cities of the Greek world have a long tradition of the people defending their own cities from invaders.\n\nThey are at their best when used as a solid block of spearmen and can form a phalanx to attack the enemy.

{greek_hoplite_militia_descr_short}
Militia hoplites are levies drawn from cities and thrust into battle with a little training.

¬----------------

{merc_bedouin}	Bedouin Warriors

{merc_bedouin_descr}
Hardy\nCan Form Wedge\nFrightens Cavalry\n\nThese mercenaries are light camel riders from the nomadic tribes of Arabia. They are rugged men used to harsh conditions and neither they nor their camel steeds tire quickly. They are best employed against light cavalry and horse archers, if only because of the effects that camels have on horses unused to their distinct aroma. Their speed also makes them useful against skirmishers and foot missile troops.\n\nThey carry swords and shields, but do not bother with armour - hardly surprising given that the desert conditions of their homelands make wearing armour foolish indeed - unless the prospect of broiling to death is appealing!

{merc_bedouin_descr_short}
These mercenaries are light camel riders from the nomadic tribes of Arabia. They are rugged men used to harsh conditions and neither they nor their camel steeds tire quickly.

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¬***** Changes made after 16/06/2004 16:59:13
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{barb_wardogs_briton}	Warhounds

{barb_wardogs_briton_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nWarhounds are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild boar! The beasts are muscular and powerful. Originally bred for hunting large prey, they are now trained to hunt and attack men. Warhounds are usually unleashed on an enemy to break a line and unnerve opponents. Few men are able to stand steadily in the face of a snarling and partially-starved beast. The dogs are trained to bite and hold on, dragging down their human targets, and hamstringing horses.\n\nTheir handlers are brave, foolhardy and not easily intimidated: many have fingers, hands or even chunks of limbs missing!

{barb_wardogs_briton_descr_short}
Warhounds are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild boar!

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{barb_wardogs_dacian}	Warhounds

{barb_wardogs_dacian_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nWarhounds are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild boar! The beasts are muscular and powerful. Originally bred for hunting large prey, they are now trained to hunt and attack men. Warhounds are usually unleashed on an enemy to break a line and unnerve opponents. Few men are able to stand steadily in the face of a snarling and partially-starved beast. The dogs are trained to bite and hold on, dragging down their human targets, and hamstringing horses.\n\nTheir handlers are brave, foolhardy and not easily intimidated: many have fingers, hands or even chunks of limbs missing!

{barb_wardogs_dacian_descr_short}
Warhounds are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild boar!

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{barb_wardogs_gaul}	Warhounds

{barb_wardogs_gaul_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nWarhounds are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild boar! The beasts are muscular and powerful. Originally bred for hunting large prey, they are now trained to hunt and attack men. Warhounds are usually unleashed on an enemy to break a line and unnerve opponents. Few men are able to stand steadily in the face of a snarling and partially-starved beast. The dogs are trained to bite and hold on, dragging down their human targets, and hamstringing horses.\n\nTheir handlers are brave, foolhardy and not easily intimidated: many have fingers, hands or even chunks of limbs missing!

{barb_wardogs_gaul_descr_short}
Warhounds are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild boar!

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{barb_wardogs_german}	Warhounds

{barb_wardogs_german_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nWarhounds are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild boar! The beasts are muscular and powerful. Originally bred for hunting large prey, they are now trained to hunt and attack men. Warhounds are usually unleashed on an enemy to break a line and unnerve opponents. Few men are able to stand steadily in the face of a snarling and partially-starved beast. The dogs are trained to bite and hold on, dragging down their human targets, and hamstringing horses.\n\nTheir handlers are brave, foolhardy and not easily intimidated: many have fingers, hands or even chunks of limbs missing!

{barb_wardogs_german_descr_short}
Warhounds are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild boar!

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{barb_wardogs_scythian}	Warhounds

{barb_wardogs_scythian_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nWarhounds are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild boar! The beasts are muscular and powerful. Originally bred for hunting large prey, they are now trained to hunt and attack men. Warhounds are usually unleashed on an enemy to break a line and unnerve opponents. Few men are able to stand steadily in the face of a snarling and partially-starved beast. The dogs are trained to bite and hold on, dragging down their human targets, and hamstringing horses.\n\nTheir handlers are brave, foolhardy and not easily intimidated: many have fingers, hands or even chunks of limbs missing!

{barb_wardogs_scythian_descr_short}
Warhounds are bred for a savage nature and great size, but then hunting men is only a little more dangerous than hunting wild boar!

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{barb_ballistas_dacian}	Ballistas

{barb_ballistas_dacian_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nA Ballista is a sinew-powered weapon that looks like an enormous crossbow. It has tremendous range and can skewer files of men with a single bolt!\n\nWhile a Ballista might look like a huge crossbow, its working principles are rather different. The two arms are pushed through ropes made of tough animal sinew. This naturally elastic material is then twisted, and becomes a hugely powerful spring, pulling each arm forwards. The arms are pulled back, creating even more tension, the Ballista is loaded with a missile, and then this is shot at the enemy with considerable force.\n\nProviding care is taken to make sure that the two sinew bundles are under the same tension, the Ballista is a very accurate weapon, but because sinew is sensitive to damp a Ballista does not work well in wet weather.

{barb_ballistas_dacian_descr_short}
A Ballista is a sinew-powered weapon that looks like an enormous crossbow. It has tremendous range and can skewer files of men with a single bolt! 

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{carthaginian_peltast}	Skirmishers

{carthaginian_peltast_descr}
Expert at Hiding in Forests\nCan Hide in Long Grass\nSapping Ability\n\nSkirmishers rush forward to pepper an enemy with javelins, and then withdraw in good order before a counter-attack can be organised. They are light infantry, equipped with small throwing javelins, a falcata sword, and a small shield resembling the Greek pelte-pattern shield.\n\nWhen the opportunity presents itself, they are traditionally recruited from among the Ibero-Celts. Regardless of where they are recruited, they are skilful practitioners of the skirmishing arts, and very adept at springing tactical ambushes. They are not intended to hold a position in a battle line, but to harass and disrupt the enemy. 

{carthaginian_peltast_descr_short}
Skirmishers rush forward to pepper an enemy with javelins, and then withdraw in good order before a counter-attack can be organised. 

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{egyptian_nile_infantry}	Nile Spearmen

{egyptian_nile_infantry_descr}
Sapping Ability\nCan Form Phalanx\nHighly Trained\n\nThese well trained spearmen are the mainstay of many Egyptian armies, thanks to their all-round defensive abilities. They wear light padded armour - hardly surprising given the incredibly hot climate of home - and carry large shields. They do not carry secondary weapons at all, and rely entirely on their spears in combat. This means that they are best employed to hold a defensive position against cavalry, or as a rough phalanx to take on other infantry by 'push of pike' and weight of numbers.\n\nThese men are better trained than some other Egyptian forces, such as Nubian spearmen, and will hold more often as a result.

{egyptian_nile_infantry_descr_short}
These well trained spearmen are the mainstay of many Egyptian armies, thanks to their all-round defensive abilities.

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{egyptian_chariot}	Egyptian Chariots

{egyptian_chariot_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nFrightens Infantry\n\nChariots are fearsome devices, and have scythe blades to cut down any infantry foolish enough to stand when charged. The armoured crews carry swords to cut down opponents. Egyptian armies have a long and distinguished history of using chariots in warfare. Their charioteers are also more disciplined and controlled than those of other nations. These are not subtle troops, and their chief power lies in a headlong charge into an enemy formation.\n\nEach chariot is pulled by powerful horses, and the deserts are an ideal place for them to be used to full effect.

{egyptian_chariot_descr_short}
Chariots are fearsome devices, and the mail-armoured, elite crews carry swords to cut down opponents.

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{greek_pigs}	Incendiary Pigs

{greek_pigs_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nIncendiary pigs are 'one shot' weapons intended to spread panic and terror amongst enemies, particularly mounted troops.\n\nThe pigs are coated in pitch, tar and oil, and herded towards the enemy. At the right moment, the pigs are ignited by their handlers and, not unnaturally, they run away in pain and terror - hopefully towards the enemy. Apart from goring anyone foolish enough to get in their way, the pigs are tremendously disruptive to formations. They are also very frightening for elephants in particular, and this is their main use in warfare.\n\nPigs can only be fired up once during a battle, and few survive for long. 

{greek_pigs_descr_short}
Incendiary pigs are 'one shot' weapons intended to spread panic and terror amongst enemies, particularly elephants. 

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{greek_ballistas}	Ballistas

{greek_ballistas_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nA Ballista is a sinew-powered weapon that looks like an enormous crossbow. It has tremendous range and can skewer files of men with a single bolt!\n\nWhile a Ballista might look like a huge crossbow, its working principles are rather different. The two arms are pushed through ropes made of tough animal sinew. This naturally elastic material is then twisted, and becomes a hugely powerful spring, pulling each arm forwards. The arms are pulled back, creating even more tension, the Ballista is loaded with a missile, and then this is shot at the enemy with considerable force.\n\nProviding care is taken to make sure that the two sinew bundles are under the same tension, the Ballista is a very accurate weapon, but because sinew is sensitive to damp a Ballista does not work well in wet weather.

{greek_ballistas_descr_short}
A Ballista is a sinew-powered weapon that looks like an enormous crossbow. It has tremendous range and can skewer files of men with a single bolt! 

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{naval_bireme}	Bireme

{naval_bireme_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nA bireme is a small galley with a ram at the prow. It is powered by sail and two banks of oars.\n\nThe ship has a good turn of speed and is fairly "handy" with a good crew - the ram makes the bireme a weapon rather than just transport for fighting men. A bireme is outclassed in combat by a trireme's speed and weight, but its combat power should not be underestimated.

{naval_bireme_descr_short}
A bireme is a small galley with a ram at the prow. It is powered by sail and two banks of oars.

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{naval_trireme}	Trireme

{naval_trireme_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nA trireme is a powerful warship, propelled by three banks of oars and a sail. It can ram opposing ships and launch boarding actions.\n\nOriginally a Greek design, it has been widely copied because of its good qualities. Skilled oarsmen are needed, but then this gives the ship tremendous power in a 'sprint' at ramming speed. As might be expected, the trireme is its own main weapon, as it carries an iron-tipped ram on the bow at the waterline. Once an enemy ship has been rammed or had its oars smashed, the crew back water to withdraw before seeking another target.

{naval_trireme_descr_short}
A trireme is a powerful warship, propelled by three banks of oars and a sail. It can ram opposing ships and launch boarding actions.

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{naval_corvus}	Corvus Quinquireme

{naval_corvus_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nA corvus quinquireme is a powerful warship intended for fleet actions, and a refinement of the basic quinquireme design. Its sheer size makes it hard to sink.\n\nThe bulk of the crew are rowers as there are five men to each oar; this pulling power is good, but maintaining ramming or battle speed is very tiring.\n\nThe corvus was developed by Rome during the first Punic War as a means of turning sea battles into land battles, and allowing its superior infantry to become decisive. It is an iron 'beak' on a hinged walkway that is designed to smash down into enemy decking doing two jobs in one: making a bridge for the marines to cross, and locking the two ships together so that the battle has to be fought on the quinquireme captain's terms.

{naval_corvus_descr_short}
A corvus quinquireme is a powerful warship intended for fleet actions, and a refinement of the basic quinquireme design. Its sheer size makes it hard to sink. 

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{naval_decere}	Decere

{naval_decere_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nThe mighty deceres is a dreadnought in the ancient Mediterranean. In size, number of men and fighting potential it dwarfs all other vessels. A deceres is among the largest ships afloat, and is crewed by anything up to 850 men - most, of course, being rowers.\n\nIts combat power is formidable. Apart from a couple of fighting towers, a deceres also carries onagers and ballistae to bombard enemies, plus a large contingent of marines for boarding and defence. At least one ballista will also be set up to fire a harpoon-like grappling hook (called a harpago) at enemy vessels so that they can be dragged alongside and destroyed.\n\nAs a tactic the harpago has much to recommend it over, say, the grappling 'corvus' of smaller ships, because it allows enemies to be snagged at greater range.

{naval_decere_descr_short}
The mighty deceres is a dreadnought in the ancient Mediterranean. In size, number of men and fighting potential it dwarfs all other vessels.

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{naval_boats}	Boats

{naval_boats_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nThese vessels are seaworthy, but small, craft capable of carrying a small cargo or a few men along coastal routes. Like other ships of the time these craft use sail when cruising and oar-powers when in combat.\n\nThis type of boat represents the various flat-bottomed Celtic curachs, the sea-worthy Germanic narrow boats, and African byblos ships, for example. Most barbarians lack the 'civilized' ship-building skills of the Greeks, Carthaginians and Romans, but within their limitations these are sturdy craft. The almost-instinctive seamanship of their crews helps them travel surprisingly long distances without danger.

{naval_boats_descr_short}
These vessels are seaworthy, but small, craft capable of carrying a small cargo or a few men along coastal routes.

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{naval_large_boats}	Large Boats

{naval_large_boats_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nLarge boats are battle-worthy craft, with crews large enough to fight boarding actions when required. These boats are not a match, however, for ships of more 'civilized' peoples. These ships, however, have better sea keeping qualities than many craft developed for the relatively calm waters of the Mediterranean. They can carry large cargoes - or raiding parties - across many trackless miles of sea.

{naval_large_boats_descr_short}
Large boats have crews large enough to fight boarding actions when required. These boats are not a match, however, for ships of more 'civilized' peoples.

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{naval_pirates}	Pirate Ships

{naval_pirates_descr}
This has been added for a code fix. Do not re-translate. Please speak to Luci\n\nThe pirate vessel of choice is the bireme, a swift, deadly predator when hunting slow and undefended merchant ships, and one that can outrun larger warships when cornered. A bireme combines power and good handling in a vessel that does not need to large a crew. \n\nPirates sail from every remote cove, every lawless harbour and every independent city (and a few cities that are supposedly law-abiding) along the Mediterranean coast. They are like flies - always present when there are rich pickings, and only temporarily driven off by the wave of an imperial hand. Kill one fly, and more come in its place.\n\nAs well as menacing trade, pirates can sometimes gather in sufficient strength to threaten even the great naval powers.

{naval_pirates_descr_short}
The pirate vessel of choice is the bireme, a swift, deadly predator when hunting slow and undefended merchant ships.

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{carthaginian_cavalry}	Round Shield Cavalry

{carthaginian_cavalry_descr}
Can Form Wedge\n\nRound shield cavalry are best used to ride down skirmishers and pursue fleeing enemies. They lack the armour protection needed for prolonged melees against heavier opponents and, as they are armed with swords, do not have an initial shock value when they charge home. That said, properly deployed they will give a good account of themselves. 

{carthaginian_cavalry_descr_short}
Round shield cavalry are best used to ride down skirmishers and pursue fleeing enemies.

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{roman_medium_cavalry}	Roman Cavalry

{roman_medium_cavalry_descr}
Can Form Wedge\n\nRoman cavalry are auxiliary spear-armed cavalry who have a screening role in a Roman army. They should be used against the flanks or rear of units, or to keep missile troops and skirmishers away from the main Roman heavy infantry (who are the real killers of a Roman army).\n\nThey wear little armour and only carry spears and shields. As a result, they can charge enemies, but may be cut to pieces by a prepared defensive line of spearmen if these were attacked head on.\n\nHistorically, Roman cavalry only came into existence after the army reforms of Gaius Marius as a replacement force for the equites. The property qualifications for fighting as cavalry in the army were abandoned and the army made professional. They were organised into 'wings' called alae rather than cohorts.

{roman_medium_cavalry_descr_short}
Roman cavalry are auxiliary spear-armed cavalry who have a screening role in a Roman army.

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{warband_dhaxe_german}	Chosen Axemen

{warband_dhaxe_german_descr}
Elite\nImpetuous\nHardy\nExpert at Hiding in Woods\n\nDouble-handed axes are intimidating weapons, especially in the hands of chosen axemen. These men can hack a hole in almost any enemy battle line. Chosen axemen are an elite among tribal warriors, selected for their physical size, strength, bravery and - some would say - pig-headedness. They are the assault troops of any barbarian army, the men whose only job is to smash any organised resistance and keep on killing until no foes remain. Fear is completely alien to them, as is any concept of mercy to a foe or a weakling among their own kind. They are fantastically strong men - and need to be to wield their enormous two-handed axes with any degree of skill and control.\n\nThe axes are easily capable of cleaving a man down to his breastbone even through armour. Chosen axemen themselves disdain armour as a sign of cowardice.

{warband_dhaxe_german_descr_short}
Double-handed axes are intimidating weapons, especially in the hands of chosen axemen. These men can hack a hole in almost any enemy battle line.

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{carthaginian_heavy_onagers}	Heavy Onagers

{carthaginian_heavy_onagers_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThe heavy onager is an enormous catapult built using the same basic design as its sibling and capable of smashing down stone fortifications. It is powered by a twisted bundle of animal sinew ropes, and is slow to wind back and reload. Its missiles are devastating, and it can also fire incendiary firepots.\n\nRange is no more than the smaller onager and this makes the heavy onager susceptible to counter fire. Often, it is best employed alongside smaller artillery to deal with enemy fire.

{carthaginian_heavy_onagers_descr_short}
The heavy onager is a siege engine capable of reducing even stone ramparts to rubble, but can be vulnerable to enemy catapults.

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{egyptian_heavy_onagers}	Heavy Onagers

{egyptian_heavy_onagers_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThe heavy onager is an enormous catapult built using the same basic design as its sibling and capable of smashing down stone fortifications. It is powered by a twisted bundle of animal sinew ropes, and is slow to wind back and reload. Its missiles are devastating, and it can also fire incendiary firepots.\n\nRange is no more than the smaller onager and this makes the heavy onager susceptible to counter fire. Often, it is best employed alongside smaller artillery to deal with enemy fire.

{egyptian_heavy_onagers_descr_short}
The heavy onager is a siege engine capable of reducing even stone ramparts to rubble, but can be vulnerable to enemy catapults.

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{greek_heavy_onagers}	Heavy Onagers

{greek_heavy_onagers_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThe heavy onager is an enormous catapult built using the same basic design as its sibling and capable of smashing down stone fortifications. It is powered by a twisted bundle of animal sinew ropes, and is slow to wind back and reload. Its missiles are devastating, and it can also fire incendiary firepots.\n\nRange is no more than the smaller onager and this makes the heavy onager susceptible to counter fire. Often, it is best employed alongside smaller artillery to deal with enemy fire.

{greek_heavy_onagers_descr_short}
The heavy onager is a siege engine capable of reducing even stone ramparts to rubble, but can be vulnerable to enemy catapults.

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{roman_heavy_onager}	Heavy Onagers

{roman_heavy_onager_descr}
Hardy (crew)\nFires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThe heavy onager is an enormous catapult built using the same basic design as its sibling and capable of smashing down stone fortifications. It is powered by a twisted bundle of animal sinew ropes, and is slow to wind back and reload. Its missiles are devastating, and it can also fire incendiary firepots.\n\nRange is no more than the smaller onager and this makes the heavy onager susceptible to counter fire. Often, it is best employed alongside smaller artillery to deal with enemy fire.

{roman_heavy_onager_descr_short}
The heavy onager is a siege engine capable of reducing even stone ramparts to rubble.

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{carthaginian_elephant_african_cataphract}	Armoured Elephants

{carthaginian_elephant_african_cataphract_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nCan Run Amok\nFrightens Infantry\nFrightens Cavalry\n\nArmoured elephants are the most fearsome creatures to be found on a battlefield. Little can stand before these armoured giants.\n\nEach elephant has heavy armour that protects it from missiles and hand-held weapons. The driver uses the elephant itself as a weapon, guiding it as it tramples and gores its way through the opposition. The archers snipe down into enemy formations, weakening opponents before the inevitable clash.\n\nArmoured elephants can run amok, causing havoc in the process to anyone nearby.

{carthaginian_elephant_african_cataphract_descr_short}
Armoured elephants are the most fearsome creatures to be found on a battlefield. Little can stand before these armoured giants.

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{greek_elephant_armoured}	Armoured Elephants

{greek_elephant_armoured_descr}
Superior\nHardy\nCan Run Amok\nFrightens Infantry\nFrightens Cavalry\n\nArmoured elephants are the most fearsome creatures to be found on a battlefield. Little can stand before these armoured giants.\n\nEach elephant has heavy armour that protects it from missiles and hand-held weapons. The driver uses the elephant itself as a weapon, guiding it as it tramples and gores its way through the opposition. The archers snipe down into enemy formations, weakening opponents before the inevitable clash.\n\nArmoured elephants can run amok, causing havoc in the process to anyone nearby.

{greek_elephant_armoured_descr_short}
Armoured elephants are the most fearsome creatures to be found on a battlefield. Little can stand before these armoured giants.

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{amazon_chariots}	Amazon Chariots

{amazon_chariots_descr}
Elite\nFrightens Infantry\nCan Form Cantabrian Circle\n\nLegendary warriors from the land beyond the north wind, these cruel and beautiful women are dangerous indeed to all who oppose them in battle. Many warriors misjudge their alluring appearance, a mistake that few ever live long enough to regret! The thundering sound of their chariots is often enough to un-man even the strongest enemies.\n\nRiding chariots into battle, the Amazon way of warfare relies on using their composite bows to pepper enemies at a distance, before closing to hack enemies to pieces. In either case, they are well protected by the speed of their chariots and by the high quality armour that they wear. 

{amazon_chariots_descr_short}
Legendary warriors from the land beyond the north wind, these women are dangerous indeed to all who oppose them in battle.

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{cheat_oliphants}	Yubtseb Elephants

{cheat_oliphants_descr}
These mysterious creatures from the middle principalities of farthest Terra Nova are the children of of G'nitek'ram, the God of Shiny Things That Man Does Not Need But Desires Anyway. Dark and foul are the ceremonies that summon them; great and scary are their tusks; terrible is their gaze; unwashed are their riders; cruel and unforgiving their masters! Flee in terror! Run for the hills!


{cheat_oliphants_descr_short}
These terrible creatures are fearsome monsters indeed, called forth from the farthest corners of distant lands to strike terror into the very souls of enemies.

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{barb_chieftain_cavalry_dacian}	Barbarian Chosen Warlord

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_dacian_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\nCan Form Wedge\n\nA barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis.\n\nEvery warlord commands by right of personal courage as much as tactical skill, and must prove himself in battle. He and his guards are equipped as cavalry with spears, mail armour and shields so that they can dash to any point on the battlefield. The warlord can inspire his men to greater efforts just by his presence, and also has enough men to be a significant force should the need arise.

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_dacian_descr_short}
A barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis. 

¬----------------

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_gaul}	Barbarian Chosen Warlord

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_gaul_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\nCan Form Wedge\n\nA barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis.\n\nEvery warlord commands by right of personal courage as much as tactical skill, and must prove himself in battle. He and his guards are equipped as cavalry with spears, mail armour and shields so that they can dash to any point on the battlefield. The warlord can inspire his men to greater efforts just by his presence, and also has enough men to be a significant force should the need arise.

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_gaul_descr_short}
A barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis. 

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{barb_chieftain_cavalry_german}	Barbarian Chosen Warlord

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_german_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nA barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis.\n\nEvery warlord commands by right of personal courage as much as tactical skill, and must prove himself in battle. He and his guards are equipped as cavalry with spears, mail armour and shields so that they can dash to any point on the battlefield. The warlord can inspire his men to greater efforts just by his presence, and also has enough men to be a significant force should the need arise.

{barb_chieftain_cavalry_german_descr_short}
A barbarian warlord surrounds himself with fierce warriors as a personal guard. These spear-armed cavalry are an elite reserve for use in a moment of crisis. 

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{carthaginian_generals_cavalry}	General's Armoured Bodyguard

{carthaginian_generals_cavalry_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nThis general has a bodyguard of loyal spear-armed cavalry to accompany him onto the field. Armed with spears, these armoured men are shock cavalry, able to deliver a devastating charge attack; they are then well trained enough to fight effectively in continued hand-to-hand combat.\n\nLike all general's guards, this unit is best committed to the fight at the point of crisis, when the general's inspirational leadership and the combat power of his men can tip the balance.

{carthaginian_generals_cavalry_descr_short}
This general has a bodyguard of loyal spear-armed cavalry to accompany him onto the field.

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{east_generals_cavalry_early}	Eastern General

{east_generals_cavalry_early_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nThis general has a bodyguard of loyal and mail-armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field. Armed with javelins, they can stand off from enemies and pepper them with missiles but, thanks to their chainmail armour, shields, and swords, can also charge home and fight effectively in hand-to-hand combat. Like all general's guards, this unit is best committed to the fight at the point of crisis, when the general's inspirational leadership and the combat power of his men can tip the balance.

{east_generals_cavalry_early_descr_short}
This general has a bodyguard of loyal and mail-armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field.

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{east_generals_cavalry}	Armoured Eastern General

{east_generals_cavalry_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nThis general has a bodyguard of loyal and heavily armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field. Armed with lances, these men are superb shock cavalry, able to deliver a devastating and almost unstoppable charge; they are then equipped with maces so that they can fight effectively in continued hand-to-hand combat.\n\nLike all general's guards, this unit is best committed to the fight at the point of crisis, when the general's inspirational leadership and the combat power of his men can tip the balance.

{east_generals_cavalry_descr_short}
This general has a bodyguard of loyal and heavily armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field.

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{egyptian_general_early}	Egyptian Chariot General

{egyptian_general_early_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nThis general has a bodyguard of chariot archers to accompany him onto the field. Armed with bows, these men are able to deliver powerful attacks in any circumstances. Each chariot is pulled by powerful horses, and the deserts are an ideal place for them to be used to full effect. The general can inspire his men by his presence and bring a powerful force quickly to bear on a critical part of the battlefield.\n\nEgyptian armies have a long and distinguished history of using chariots in warfare and their charioteers are more disciplined and easily controlled than those of other peoples.

{egyptian_general_early_descr_short}
This general has a bodyguard of chariot archers to accompany him onto the field. Armed with bows and swords, these men are a powerful and flexible force.

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{egyptian_generals_bodyguard}	Egyptian Cavalry General

{egyptian_generals_bodyguard_descr}
Elite\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nThis general has a bodyguard of loyal and armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field. Armed with spears, these men are excellent shock cavalry, able to deliver a devastating charge; they are equipped with swords so that they can fight effectively in continued hand-to-hand combat.\n\nLike all general's guards, this unit is best committed to the fight at the point of crisis, when the general's inspirational leadership and the combat power of his men can tip the balance.

{egyptian_generals_bodyguard_descr_short}
This general has a bodyguard of loyal and armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field.

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{greek_generals_guard_cavalry}	General's Armoured Bodyguard

{greek_generals_guard_cavalry_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nThis general has a bodyguard of loyal spear-armed and armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field. Armed with spears, these men are shock cavalry, able to deliver a devastating charge attack; they are then well trained enough to fight effectively in continued hand-to-hand combat, even though they do not carry shields.\n\nLike all general's guards, this unit is best committed to the fight at the point of crisis, when the general's inspirational leadership and the combat power of his men can tip the balance.

{greek_generals_guard_cavalry_descr_short}
This general has a bodyguard of loyal spear-armed and armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field.

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{roman_generals_guard_cavalry}	Roman Armoured General

{roman_generals_guard_cavalry_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\nThis general has a bodyguard of loyal spear-armed and armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field. Armed with spears, these men are shock cavalry, able to deliver a devastating charge attack; they are then well trained enough to fight effectively in continued hand-to-hand combat.\n\nLike all general's guards, this unit is best committed to the fight at the point of crisis, when the general's inspirational leadership and the combat power of his men can tip the balance.

{roman_generals_guard_cavalry_descr_short}
This general has a bodyguard of loyal spear-armed and armoured cavalry to accompany him onto the field.

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{roman_civ_peasant}	Roman Civilians

{roman_civ_peasant_descr}
;not required

{roman_civ_peasant_descr_short}
A Roman peasant, running away when he should be working hard!

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{roman_female_peasant}	Roman Civilians

{roman_female_peasant_descr}
;not required

{roman_female_peasant_descr_short}
A Roman peasant, running away when she should be working hard!

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{gondor_general}	Winged Guard of the Citadel
	
{gondor_general_descr}	
The Guards are held of great worth and honour in the City and lands of Gondor. Distinctive with their winged helms and the livery of the heirs of Elendil upon their surcoats, they are Gondor's most elite soldiers. They do not leave up their guard of the Citadel before the Court of the Fountain without leave from their lord. 	
	
{gondor_general_descr_short}	
Winged Guard of the Citadel	
		
{gondor_ithilien_rangers}	Ithilien Rangers
	
{gondor_ithilien_rangers_descr}	
With light arms and deadly bows the Rangers are excellent scouts and trackers. In battle, they prefer to spring deadly ambushes with each dart to an enemy's throat. They are recruited from men whose families once lived in Ithilien, and have both great knowledge and love of its lands. 	
	
{gondor_ithilien_rangers_descr_short}	
Ithilien Rangers	
	
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{gondor_loss_axemen}	Lossarnach Axemen
	
{gondor_loss_axemen_descr}	
Although shorter and somewhat swarthier than the tall men of Minas Tirith, the men from the high mountain vales of Lossarnach are no less proud or fierce. Grim-faced and mail-clad, with their broad shoulders they swing their great battle-axes mightily.	
	
{gondor_loss_axemen_descr_short}	
Lossarnach Axemen	
	
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{gondor_militia}	Men of the Outland Fiefs
	
{gondor_militia_descr}	
In dark times, men of the Outlands are called upon to aid the defence of Gondor. Hunters and herdsmen, husbandmen and fisher-folk and men of little villages, from the high vales and far lands of Gondor they march. Though scantily equipped for the most, they are nonetheless surprisingly hardy and gallant for folk of their ilk.	
	
{gondor_militia_descr_short}	
Men of the Outland Fiefs	


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{gondor_ranger}	Rangers of Ithilien

{gondor_ranger_descr}
The old outposts guarding the borders of Gondor had long been abandoned and fallen into ruin.  The diminishing of Gondor’s military might and personnel made the kingdom unable to maintain the many outposts required for securing their borders.  To compensate and still maintain their kingdom’s integrity, the rulers of Gondor established the Rangers division, charged with the supervision and protection of Gondor’s borders.  Their outposts are to be secret and hidden and their tactics are ambush and guerilla attacks, as proven to be the most effective when outnumbered, as is often the case.  The largest division of Rangers are located at Ithilien, the forested land east and south of Gondor, which is the gateway into Gondor from Harad and Rhun, the homelands of the Southrons and Easterlings. \n\n The Rangers are recruited from the most dedicated and experienced of Gondorian soldiers.  Their battle style is very different than those in the army, as they must fight from the shadows and the trees, and often against an army much larger than their own.  The courage and skill of these men are without peer, as is their loyalty to their captains, whom must share all the dangers and perils of guerilla warfare.  These men understand that they are the first line of defense and the safety of the kingdom and beyond is their responsibility. \n\n The Rangers are incredible marksmen, as it is the first requirement to be appointed a Ranger.  They prefer a ranged battle and ambushes, to minimize the risk of losing men.  They are equipped with a finely made, wooden longbow and carry a fine sword for the times when close combat became necessary.  They wear light leather armor, dyed in green, gray and brown which made them invisible in the dense forests of Ithilien.  They also wear green cloaks and hood and covered their faces with green masks.  Many of Gondor’s invaders went into Ithilien and never came out alive on either side.  The Rangers are always watching.

{gondor_ranger_descr_short}
The Rangers of Ithilien, superb archers and fighters.

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{gondor_ranger_dunedain}	Rangers of the Dúnedain
{gondor_ranger_dunedain_descr}
After the downfall of the kingdom of Arnor, the descendants of Númenor, called the Dúnedain, went into hiding as the agents of Sauron sought to completely eradicate them to the last man.  Many of them became Rangers, who fight and protect the free peoples in secret using their exceptional skill and valor./n/nThe Rangers are a mysterious and secretive group.  As many sought the total destruction of the Dúnedain, they had to live in the shadows of the free society.  They live and dwell in the forests where it provide the most protection and cover for them.  Many commoners also came to fear them, for they do not understand their motives and noble burden.  However, their fabled tactics of using the forest as camouflage, possible learned from the Elves, gained such a reputation that the kingdom of Gondor adopted their methods and founded their own Rangers division. \n\n The Dúnedain are the people of Númenor, the ancient and greatest kingdom of Men ever to exist.  After the corruption of Númenor by Sauron and the war they waged against the Valar, Númenor was sunk into the abyss as their punishment.  Only Elendil, his two sons Isildur and Anarion, and a host of his loyal men escaped to Middle-earth.  There they established the kingdoms of Gondor and Arnor.  Upon Elendil’s death at the Battle of Dagorlad, Arnor fell into civil war and was split into smaller kingdoms.  Centuries later, after many raids and wars from Sauron’s allies and internal strife, there is virtually nothing left of Arnor.  All of the Dúnedain went into hiding and the blood of Númenor diminished with the passing of time. \n\n The Dúnedain Rangers are superb combatants and marksmen.  Blessed with longer life than the other races of Men, they also posses higher intelligence and physical vitality.  They are clad in dark cloaks and hoods and wield a fine bow and sword.  Their skills on the battlefield are hard to match, but even harder to match are their valor and honor.

{gondor_ranger_dunedain_descr_short}
The secretive Dúnedain Rangers, descendants of Númenor.

¬----------------

{gondor_scout}	Scouts of Gondor

{gondor_scout_descr}
With Gondor’s enormous territories, it is necessary to have fast moving scouts able to relay news and information to the cities.  This is the job of one of Gondor’s special divisions, the Scouts, whose main duty is to monitor movements inside and also beyond Gondor’s borders.  The Scouts have an important job because since Gondor is deteriorating , the right and strategic placements of troops are now more essential  and important than ever. \n\n The Scouts wear simple leather armor which bears the white tree crest, though this can be kept hidden under their cloak if the need arises.  They are armed with a Gondorian army issued sword, mostly for protection instead of battle.  It is not the Scouts’ main duty to engage the enemy head on.  The horses of the Scouts are well-trained and have been groomed for long distance travelling as well as high-speed chases.  They are not armored like the mounts of the Knights, nor are they of the mearas breed.  These are merely simple travel horses that were bred in Gondor’s farmlands.

{gondor_scout_descr_short}
Scouts of Gondor, fast moving cavalry with low attack power, good for pursuing runners and skirmishers.

¬----------------

{gondor_knight}	Knights of Gondor

{gondor_knight_descr}
The rulers of Gondor had always known it is essential to have a fast moving unit in their army.  In other words, they needed a strong corps of cavalry ready .  In times of great wars, Gondor had always relied on their ally, Rohan, as their cavalry.  But the need for battle ready cavalry is always present, and because of this the division of the Knight were formed.  The Knights are talented horse riders, but most of all, these are men who are capable of controlling the offspring of the mearas, a breed of intelligent horses imported from Rohan.  The mearas are known to be hard to control if there is no connection between the horse and the rider.  A bond that is usually developed by the Rohirrim since childhood since they were trained to ride before they learned how to walk.  It is much harder for the mearas to bond with someone that has had no experience with their kind before.  The horses used for Gondor's cavalry are bred from this stock, losing some of their majesty and keen intelligence but retaining their superior speed and strength. The Knights are covered with Gondorian tempered steel plate armor and chain mail.  They wield a military issued battle sword although they do not carry a shield.  Because their heavy armor, it is hard for them to ride and battle properly while wielding a shield./n/nEven though the horses are bred from the superior breed of horses, they cannot run as fast because of the added weight of the Gondorian heavy armor.  However, their great mass makes them very effective in charging defensive lines and causing terror and panic among their enemies.

{gondor_knight_descr_short}
The cavalry of Gondor, knights of Minas Tirith.  Powerful melee and charge but vulnerable to spear units.

¬----------------

{gondor_archer}	Archers of Gondor

{gondor_archer_descr}
Unlike the spearmen of Gondor who will someday became the frontline sword fighters, the archers of Gondor are specialized in utilizing their ranged weapon throughout their military career.  The archery division only selects men with a talent for archery.  They would train day after day until they master their skills at Gondor’s vast training grounds.  There is one drawback however, these archers do not have the proper training in close quarter  hand to hand combat.  In Gondor military’s deployment manual, archers are positioned so that they provide support for the soldiers on the front line.  These archers rarely see hand to hand combat and if they did that can only mean one thing, the defensive line has already broke and the entire army is in peril.  The true purpose of the archer division is to man the walls of Gondor’s cities and rain arrows upon besiegers. \n\n The archers of Gondor are armed with a fine wooden black lacquered bow.  Unfortunately for the Gondorians, the ancient technique of crafting Númenórean bows made out of hollow steel had been lost.  Still, their good quality bows has good range and power compared to that of  the other races of Men in Middle Earth.  For protection, the archers wear the same uniformed armor of Gondorian army, even though it is quite heavy.  The Gondorian archers thus have a better chance of survival on the battlefield then the light armored archers from other armies.  However, because of the heavy armor Gondorian archers have to carry their arrows on their side, strapped to their belt.  In the event of close combat encounters, the Gondorian archers are equipped with only a simple short blade of good quality.  Sending the archers for a melee battle is considered only as a last resort.

{gondor_archer_descr_short}
Archers of Gondor, good support for other infantry.

¬----------------

{gondor_swordsman}	Swordsmen of Gondor

{gondor_swordsman_descr}
The armored swordsmen of Gondor are the primary soldiers in the Gondorian army.  They are professional soldiers who were recruited, given rank and  asteady salary.  Following the military system and traditions of the ancient Númenórean kingdoms, the army of Gondor is split into three major groups: offense, defense, and ranged.  These swordsmen are the offensive party of the army, since their main job is to fight the enemy head one.  The training they go through is also the most rigorous and demanding.  Because of their position at the frontlines, the men in this group are more highly ranked and also more experienced than their defensive counterparts.  The swordsmen usually are the ones that make more worthy deeds on the battlefield. \n\n The soldiers of Gondor are armed with a good quality steel sword which is decorated with a bronze layered, a curved hilt, and a heavy pommel with the shape of seven circles that has a line going through the center, this is the symbol of the seven stories of Minas Tirith, both the capital and jewel city of Gondor.  On the opposite hand, they carry a fine shield, made of solid wood planks that are held together by steel plates at both the top and bottom parts.  The front of the shield is covered with thick processed leather, which gives it more resistance against enemy blows.  By tradition, the shields are decorated with the symbol of the White Tree of Gondor, although it is merely a simple painting.  Unlike the large and great shields of the Númenóreans though, these shields are smaller since the size of these men was not as big as the Westernese.  But the armor they wear might be a true advancement from Númenórean designs: tempered steel plates that cover a chain mail overall, giving the most protection but limiting the wearer’s movements.  Though their Númenórean blood heritage is waning, the Gondorians still keep the traditions of fine craftsmanship and technology.

{gondor_swordsman_descr_short}
The swordsmen of Gondor, guardians of the kingdom.

¬----------------

{gondor_swordsman2}	Winged Swordsmen

{gondor_swordsman2_descr}
These skilled swordsmen are soldiers with exceptional skill and valor.  They are called Guards of the Winged Sword but are commonly known simply as the Winged Swordsmen.  They have a reputation of being a powerful combatant and had proven themselves at many battles and done worthy deeds.  These specially trained guards inherited the Númenórean fighting style of using a long sword. \n\n The armor worn by the winged swordsmen are adorned with elaborate decorations, a symbol of their status.  The design is similar to the uniform armor of the upper ranked Gondorian officers, wearing a helmet with wings of steel on its sides.  Although clad in heavy plate armor, years of experience have made these sword fighters strong and agile enough to wield the heavy sword with ease.  The fighting style is even required to be learned by the Gondor royalty as the way it has been since the days of Númenor.  But unlike the powerful Númenóreans of the ancient age, these swordsmen cannot wield the heavy weapon with just one hand.  They could only emulate the fighting style’s powerful attacks only by wielding it with both hands.  The great-sword they use is a weapon of incredible quality and craftsmanship.  It is heavy and long yet balanced and made of the most durable steel.  The hilt is decorated in the shape of gull wings, richly decorated with bronze and gold engravings, which gave these elite fighters their name.  The pommel follows the shape of the standard military sword of Gondorian army, which is the shape of seven circles with a triangle piercing through, a symbol of Minas Tirith.

{gondor_swordsman2_descr_short}
Guards of the Winged Sword, wielding a two-handed great-sword.

¬----------------

{gondor_citadelguard}	Guards of the Citadel

{gondor_citadelguard_descr}
The Citadel Guards are the elite soldiers, handpicked by the Stewards of Gondor to be the last line of defense.  Their only duty is to guard the citadel of Minas Tirith, the home of the royal court and the Throne of the King.  These men answer only to the Ruling Steward, and they also act as his personal guardians.  The valor and loyalty of the Citadel Guards are well known to all, possibly second only to the Fountain Guards, their presence always inspires their brethren to do courageous and worthy deeds.
The Citadel Guards are armed with a sword made of the finest quality material, similar in design with the ones that are wielded by Gondorian soldiers.  They also bear a similar shield but unlike the simple shields of the regular soldiers, their shield bears the royal white tree crest with seven stars, made from cut out white dyed leather sheet.  It can be imagined this metal symbol would shine brightly when it is hit by sunlight.  This effect would inspire fellow Gondorian soldiers, reminding them their heritage and the eternal legacy of Númenor. \n\n The armor wore by the Citadel Guard is not as heavy as the regular soldiers.  They do not wear the tempered plate armor but instead they wear the traditional chain mail with a black tabard overcoat, which bears the royal white tree crest, the uniform of the early Gondor royal guards.  This uniform has its roots in the uniform of the Númenórean soldiers of ages past.  Their helmet has the same shape of soldiers of Gondor, but it has a slightly different engraving design.

{gondor_citadelguard_descr_short}
Citadel Guards, chosen guardians of Minas Tirith, inspires their comrades to do great deeds.

¬----------------

{gondor_spearman}	Spearmen of Gondor

{gondor_spearman_descr}
The newly trained soldiers of Gondor are often grouped into spear divisions.  The main duties of these soldiers are to hold back the enemy while the more offensive divisions launch a counterattack.  The spearmen are the defensive portion of the Gondorian army, which also serve as the training field for new recruits.  However, the demand for their role on the battlefield is not less than that of the veteran soldiers.  They were trained to hold their spear and shield steady to brace against impact, after that they are expected to slowly push back the enemy wave.  This is a tactic developed after centuries of battling barbaric Northmen and overwhelming numbers of the Easterlings.  After they gained more battlefield experience, many of these men will be drafted into the sword divisions. \n\n There is very little difference between the armor the spearmen wear then that of the veteran soldiers.  The only real difference is their main weapon.  The veteran swordsmen were trained for hand to hand combat, while the spearmen were trained to hold their shields up and thrust their spears forward.  The shape of their spear has barely changed since the age of the Númenóreans.  Long black shaft made of the finest lacquered wood, with a leaf shaped spear tip made of fine metal.  Thos design is perfect for quick thrust and pull motions since the narrow blade is easy to pull off the body of its unfortunate victim.  The strength they gain by wielding that heavy and long spear will someday be useful for the soldiers when it is time for them to wield a sword as their primary weapon.  In the event that their shields failed them, their fine, heavy armor will still offer good protection.   Their armor is tempered steel plates over a chain mail overall that has an elaborate engraving of the white tree on the breastplate.  The helmet has cone shape, which is an evolution of the Númenórean helmet design.  The gull wings that decorated the ancient Númenórean helmets are now an engraving on the cheeks of the helmet, obviously for efficiency in mass production and ergonomics.

{gondor_spearman_descr_short}
Spearmen of Gondor, the first line of defense against the enemies of Gondor. (shield wall formation)

¬----------------

{gondor_fountainguard}	Guards of the Fountain

{gondor_fountainguard_descr}
There are no more loyal, courageous and dedicated to the Kings of Gondor than the Fountain Guards.  These men are personally selected by the rulers of Gondor and expected to be the best the kingdom has to offer.  Their main duty is to guard the White Tree of Kings, the ancient tree brought to Middle-earth as a seed by Isildur, taken from the sacred white tree in Númenor before its destruction.  This tree is the evidence of Gondor’s direct lineage with Númenor, the greatest kingdom ever established in any age.  The Fountain Guards are the highest order in the Gondorian army, such that even the Steward may not command them.  They answer only to the King, the bloodline of Númenor. \n\n The white tree that rests at the royal court at Minas Tirith is a direct descendant of the fabled Celeborn, the white tree that stood in Númenor, before Sauron came and corrupted the people and ordered its destruction.  It is said that Isildur saved a seedling from the tree before its end and risked his life in doing so, before sailing across the great sea to escape Númenor’s downfall into the abyss.  Ever since, the tree and its descendants stood at the court of the capital of Gondor, first at Minas Ithil before the Witchking of Angmar overran the fair city, then at Minas Tirith to this day.  The tree is irrefutable proof of Gondor’s direct lineage to the great kingdom of Númenor. \n\n The Fountain Guards wear a tempered steel plate armor of the finest quality.  The engravings and decorations are elaborate.  Their cloak is made from the fine silk imported from Lebennin.  And their helmet is decorated with real gull wings.  For combat, they carry a long spear and a long shield, larger than regular Gondorian shields.  These men are at the height of their physique and their combat skills are unmatched throughout the kingdom.

{gondor_fountainguard_descr_short}
Guards of the Fountain, superb combatants and protectors of the King.

¬----------------

{gondor_militia}	Sentries of Gondor

{gondor_militia_descr}
The Spear Sentry consists of entry-level recruits from the Gondorian army.  They are either deemed as being physically unable to serve in the main army or that they chose the less dangerous duties of preserving peace and order in the cities of Gondor.  Their training is not as extensive or difficult as that of the professional soldiers of Gondor, nor is their armor and weapons as advanced.  Obviously their lack of physical training and also fitness renders them unfit to wear heavy plate armor, as required for the army of Gondor, for extended periods of time.  The Spear Sentry are often only required to be able to hold back the line and hold the enemy’s charge.  Much, if not all of the actual fighting is left to the more experienced and trained professionals.\n\nThough the valor and skills of the Spear Sentry are no match for that of the real soldiers, the sentries of Gondor are still equipped with good quality armor and weapons from the armory of Gondor.  The armory is vast and productive, as they have perfected the system of mass production.  Even though it is nowhere near the quality of craftsmanship from the age of the Númenóreans, it is still the finest in all of Middle-earth.\n\nThe sentries are equipped with a fine leather vest, which is worn over a suit of a padded jacket.  Although their movement is limited in speed, the thick armor has its advantages, just as being able to soften blows during combat.  These sentries wear a Gondorian helmet, usually from the stock armory, without the engravings of the gull wings on the sides.  Possibly this is due their lower quality or unfinished state since the completed ones are reserved for the actual soldiers.  Their weapon is mainly a spear with good quality, almost exactly the same as the ones used by the soldiers, but like the helmets, the spears are without the elaborate markings and decorations at its head and this was in order to reduce production costs.

{gondor_militia_descr_short}
The Sentries of Gondor, peacekeepers and defenders of the cities, armed with a spear and shield.

¬----------------

{gondor_militia2}	Guardsmen of Gondor

{gondor_militia2_descr}
The Sword Sentry are part of the peacekeeping force of Gondor’s cities.  They are more offensive capable than their spear bearing counterpart.  Their primary and main duty is to defend the city from internal as well as external forces.  Unlike the soldiers of Gondor however, they are not equipped nor trained for rigorous field battle or extensive military campaigns.  It is rare to see the sentries deployed for battle outside of their city. \n\n The training of the sentries are less demanding and simpler than that of the soldiers since their function for battle is not as crucial.  The sentries’ main skill is spear throwing, which is very useful at defending walls and thinning out the enemy before they entered melee combat distance.  The sentries are armed with a fine Gondorian sword though not as decorated as the standard army issued equipment, due to their lower production cost.  They carry a wooden shield with lightly painted device of the White Tree of Gondor.  Their body is protected with the standard leather vest and padded jacket and the undecorated conic helm of Gondor.

{gondor_militia2_descr_short}
The Guardsmen of Gondor, armed with throwing spears, a sword and shield.

¬----------------

{gondor_axeman}	Axemen of Lossarnach

{gondor_axeman_descr}
The region of Lossarnach has been a fiefdom of Gondor since the days of Isildur, the first king of Gondor.  It has always been a loyal follower ever since Isildur united the lands of the region to defend the free lands from Mordor and its eastern allies.  Many times when Gondor is in need of aid, the men of Lossarnach would answer the call and send their finest warriors. \n\n The land of Lossarnach is covered with thick forestry, which provides many commodities for trade. Although rich in culture, Lossarnach is not a region of great wealth as their citizens are descendants of hard workers, mostly woodsmen, with little in trading and commercial skills.  With their healthy yet slow economy, they cannot afford to bolster their defenses into something as advanced as the ones at Minas Tirith, capital of Gondor.  Fortunately, the region of Lossarnach is nested behind the White Mountains, safe from eastern invaders, as the path to their land is kept safe by the vigilant watch of the men of Minas Tirith.  Thus the men of Lossarnach find it imperative that the defenses at Minas Tirith always hold, as it is the front gate to their homeland. \n\n With its many forests, Lossarnach’s most popular occupation is tree cutter.  They supplied wood to the many regions of Gondor and beyond.  As such Lossarnach also produces strong and excellent men who are very adapt at using the axe.  This trait is incorporated into their military system, which produces the armored axe-wielding warriors. \n\n The warriors of Lossarnach wield a two-handed great axe, made for fighting instead of chopping wood.  They are clad in fine leather armor worn on top of a suit of mail, providing great protection while still enabling them to make fast swings with their axe.  The leather breastplate is adorned with the device of the winged crown and seven stars, a symbol of the kingship of Gondor, to which they hold their allegiance.  Gondor’s older uniforms possibly influence the style of their armor, as it appears to be a mixture of the ancient Númenórean armor uniform and current day Gondor’s.  The fighting prowess of the axemen is so impressive, they have the respect of the dwarves, the masters of the axe.

{gondor_axeman_descr_short}
Axemen of Lossarnach, wielding a two-handed great-axe.

¬----------------

{deadman}	Army of the Dead

{deadman_descr}
The cursed men of Dunharrow.\n\nTHIS IS A BONUS UNIT, THEY CAN BARELY BE KILLED SO IF YOU USE ONE YOU'RE BASICALLY CHEATING, JUST LIKE ARAGORN DID AT THE BATTLE OF PELENNOR FIELDS WHEN HE SHOULD'VE ARRIVED WITH A UNITED ARMY OF MEN, THE ONLY BAD DECISION IN THE TRILOGY IMHO.  Seriously.  This unit will not be available for custom battle and multiplayer in later versions, only in Historical Campaigns and single player campaigns.

{deadman_descr_short}
The cursed men of Dunharrow (BONUS UNIT).

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{gondor_ballista}	Gondor Ballistas

{gondor_ballista_descr}
A Ballista is a sinew-powered weapon that looks like an enormous crossbow. It has tremendous range and can skewer files of men with a single bolt!\n\nWhile a Ballista might look like a huge crossbow, its working principles are rather different. The two arms are pushed through ropes made of tough animal sinew. This naturally elastic material is then twisted, and becomes a hugely powerful spring, pulling each arm forwards. The arms are pulled back, creating even more tension, the Ballista is loaded with a missile, and then this is shot at the enemy with considerable force.\n\nProviding care is taken to make sure that the two sinew bundles are under the same tension, the Ballista is a very accurate weapon, but because sinew is sensitive to damp a Ballista does not work well in wet weather.\n\nThis weapon was originally commissioned by the Gondorians from the Dwarves.  It serves as an alternate siege weapon that has better accuracy than the catapult.  The Gondorians originally intended for this type of weapon to be used against the monstrous beast of Harad, known as the Mumak or the Oliphaunt.

{gondor_ballista_descr_short}
A Ballista is a sinew-powered weapon that looks like an enormous crossbow. It has tremendous range and can skewer files of men with a single bolt! 

¬----------------

{gondor_catapult}	Gondorian Heavy Catapult

{gondor_catapult_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nGondor possessed the highest technology of most of the races in Middle-earth, a lasting legacy of the glory of Numenor.  Only the craftsmen of the Noldor elves and the Dwarven smiths may rival them.  As such, they are capable of building large engines with the purpose of destroying fortified camps.  This enormous catapult is built using the same basic design as its sibling and capable of smashing down stone fortifications. It is powered by a twisted bundle of animal sinew ropes, and is slow to wind back and reload. Its missiles are devastating, and it can also fire incendiary firepots.\n\nEven though Gondorian catapult is bigger and more destructive, its range is no more than the smaller catapult and this makes it susceptible to counter fire. Often, it is best employed alongside smaller artillery to deal with enemy fire.

{gondor_catapult_descr_short}
The catapult of Gondor is a siege engine capable of reducing even stone ramparts to rubble, but can be vulnerable to enemy catapults.

¬----------------	
	
{gondor_knight2}	Swan knights of Dol Amroth
	
{gondor_knight2_descr}	
In the noble bearing of the Swan knights of Dol Amroth can be seen the blood of both Numenor and the Eldar. Mounted upon proud steeds, their fair garb and finely-crafted arms make their charge beautiful in its ferocity, as foes are scattered before its onslaught.	
	
{gondor_knight2_descr_short}	
Swan-knights of Dol Amroth	
	
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¬****************************************************************************************
¬***** ELVES
¬****************************************************************************************

{elf_noldor_spearman}	Shining Spears

{elf_noldor_spearman_descr}
Even though the Elves mastered all types of weapon, the type they could carry to the battlefield is quite limited.  Some carried the elvish battle sword, while others who are charged to be the defensive line carry a long elvish spear. The elves are used to close combat, and prefer it, so they see little need to keep their enemies at a distance, except for controlling an overwhelming number.  The spears are not as effective at dealing with cavalry, however, as the elves had never fought an army with significant cavalry, unlike the Gondorians who have to defend themselves constantly from Easterlings and Southrons, both of which possess cavalry.  The spear is used in a quick thrust and jab motions, while occasionally in a downward swing, to cleave the opponent’s head. \n\n The armored warriors of the elves, regardless of their primary weapon, all wear the same armor.  The design had reached such a state where it is universal and can be worn for any styles of combat.  The spear has a slightly curved blade.  The Elves prefer a quick and precise slashing motion, even when using the spear, as it leaves little risk of being imbedded in the opponent’s body.  Despite having a spear division, the elvish battle tactic put them at the secondary line.  Their main purpose is to keep the enemy at bay and away from their archers, only if the first line of swordsmen and broke.  This differs from the tactic used by the Gondorians, where their spearmen is the primary defensive line.  The spearmen of the elves are such a powerful force on the battlefield and the sunlight glint of their mighty spears gave them the nickname Shining Spears, or the Echlim.

{elf_noldor_spearman_descr_short}
High Elves Spearmen, the line of defense. (shield wall formation)

¬----------------

{elf_noldor_glaive}	Blades of the Storm

{elf_noldor_glaive_descr}
Alongside the swordsmen, the glaive wielders stand at the frontlines of the Elvish formation.  They provide a more defensive line in the events of being outnumbered.  The swordsmen on some occasions are unable to stem the tide of numerous enemies, despite their high killing power.  The glaive wielders however, hold their weapon in one hand enabling them to carry a shield in the other giving them a better position to hold a large body of attackers with little reduction in offensive strength.  Their poetic name, the Blades of the Storm, or Hathol en-Alagos in elvish, came from their metaphorical function of bracing for the storm of onslaught.\n\n The glaive of the Elves are medium length shaft with a beautifully crafted curved blade at its tip.  The length, although not as long as an Elvish spear, is necessary for close combat melee battle.  The Elvish warrior can hide behind their shield from enemy attacks while swinging their glaive downward to cleave the enemy’s head.  With the Elves’ superior weapon quality and their precision and speed, the attack could split even the strongest of helmets.

{elf_noldor_glaive_descr_short}
Glaive wielders of the Elvish army.

¬----------------


{elf_noldor_swordsman}	Bladeweavers

{elf_noldor_swordsman_descr}
The Elves have centuries to master any art they wish, including the arts of war.  Although they are not a war-like race, as it is against their nature, their natural reflexes, agility and strength made them incredible warriors.  They are also brave and honorable, as they are immortal and forever bound to the world.  Death means a journey (or in the case of the Noldor, a journey back) to the Halls of Mandos, on the undying lands, where all Elves will one day reside. \n\n The elite elvish warriors are known as the Bladeweavers or Hatholnathron.  They are clad in a thin yet light and very strong metal armor of unmatched quality.  The exact composition of the metal is unknown but mithril is suspected to be part of it.  Underneath the armor, the warriors wear chain-linked mail of light metal and blue dyed underclothing.  The color of the armor is yellow with a greenish hue, like the color of spring, representing the mood of the elvish kingdoms, as they are at the new spring of their power.  It also symbolized renewal and rebirth.  The naturalistic shapes of plants inspire the shape of the armor and the helmet.  The intricacies of the design and the complex craftsmanship required in making the elvish armor have never been match by anyone in the world. \n\n For their primary weapon, the Bladeweavers carry a long elvish battle-sword: the culmination in shape, functionality and aesthetics.  It is a curved blade made of the finest steel, with a long handle, as the warrior would wield it with both hands.  They hold the sword close to their torso vertically and for the first strike they would rotate it backward and pulling it up to slash the enemy.  This motion requires a lot of skill and speed, and would inflict great damage to the recipient.  The movement must be fast and precise and requires such great skill that only the Elves have ever mastered it.  The function of this technique is two-fold.  The first impact point of the blade would be to the lower body part of the target which is often exposed or a weakness in most armor and defense stances.  The result of the motion would be the positioning of the blade in which it is ready for a downswing, second attack, either to finish off the opponent or for the one behind him.  For a race that despises violence and killing, the Elves perfected the art of death in battle.

{elf_noldor_swordsman_descr_short}
Elite Swordsmen of the High Elves, warriors of twilight.

¬----------------

{elf_noldor_archer}	Swiftbows

{elf_noldor_archer_descr}
Elves are naturally talented in archery.  Their superb eyesight and manual dexterity made them easily mastered the art of archery.  However, the masters of the bow and arrow are mostly the wood-elves, the Galadhrim, as well as the green-elves of Mirkwood.  Most of them are the Silvan and Sindar elves, while the Noldor, who crossed over the Valinor to wage war with the Darklord Morgoth, prefers a more open, frontal warfare.  All the divisions of the elves did fight under one banner, during the Battle of Dagorlad.  The mingling of the elves with one another gave more varied strategies to elvish warfare.  The archers also gained more popularity and significance, as the population of the elves continues to decline.  Ranged combat is more preferred when they are outnumbered. \n\n The bows of the elves are made from the finest wood, shaped and treated to give the most power and speed for the arrow.  The shape is slightly irregular to the typical bow of Middle-earth, as the top half of the bow is longer than the bottom.  It creates the right angle to give the most power without the need to require a larger wielder.  The archers of the elves are so deadly that many enemy armies were decimated before they could enter direct combat.  The rapid volleys of their arrows are so well known, as well as their given name, Culagor or Swift Bow.  The archers also carry a short blade, if their presence for direct combat is required. 

{elf_noldor_archer_descr_short}
Archers of the High Elves, superb marksmen and capable combatants.

¬----------------

{elven_cavalry}	Elnaith

{elven_cavalry_descr}
The Elves possess a small contingent of combat oriented cavalry called the Elnaith, mostly to deal with fast moving nuisance like the Warg riding orcs.  Just like the light cavalry, the mearas they use as mounts are companions to the rider and they share a bond of kinship.  This creates unison in purpose and mind between the horse and the rider, such that they fight as one.  The combat capability of the Elnaith is only equaled by the best of the Rohirrim.  But as the population of elves is steadily declining throught the ages, the number of the Elnaith also gradually diminish.  At present, elvish riders are a rarity as they no longer hold great cities and kingdoms and mostly dwell in woodlands or the few remaining elvish havens. \n\n The Elnaith are clad in the same armor as the elvish warriors and they carry a short spear.  The spear is used more like a glaive than a lance.  Unlike Rohirrim’s battle style of using the lance and relying on the speed and mass of his ride to impose power on his thrust, the Elves use fast slashing strikes, like a sword with a really long handle.  This virtually eliminates the risk of losing, or damaging, their weapon in battle.  The horse itself is not armored but instead they are clad in a beautiful elvish silk robe, as to address their status and dignity.

{elven_cavalry_descr_short}
The Elnaith, heavy cavalry of the Elves. Powerful charge although only a few in number.

¬----------------


{elf_galadhrim}	Galadhrim

{elf_galadhrim_descr}
These are the elite armored warriors of the Galadhrim, the wood-elves.  They are seasoned and courageous warriors, as their realm is the last remaining significant elvish kingdom since the ruin of Lindon, after the fall of elf king Gil-galad.  Their queen, Galadriel, is the last of the Noldor nobles who crossed the sea from Valinor.  This gives the wood-elves great pride and responsibility. \n\n The Galadhrim are clad in dark golden colored armor, the color of autum.  It represents their mood, as the time of the Elves are drawing to an end.  The armor is of no lesser quality than the previous ones even if they have a different design.  But instead of a chain mail overall worn under plate armor, the Galadhrim wore fine leather armor to complement their light yet sturdy plates.  It is believed this set up would yield less noise while moving, as the Galadhrim are deployed mostly to defend their woodland realm.  The helmet is less restrictive but also more open, worn by warriors who are used to fighting in the woods, not at open ground.  They prefer to not have their vision impaired by a full helmet.  They carry a long elvish battle sword as their primary weapon, with a design that hasn’t change since the times of Gil-galad, the last King of the Noldor, who perished at Dagorlad.  Many theorized that it is either the Elves had reached the penultimate of weapon design or they have grown weary of war and combat that they never improved it any further.  The Galadhrim also carry a bow and arrows, as all of their warriors are trained in the arts of archery first. \n\n Because of the Galadhrim’s preference of using bows and arrows since the early age of the world, they have became the most expert bowyers in world.  The bow is without a doubt of the finest quality on Middle-earth, possible only rivaled by the advanced bows of the Númenóreans.

{elf_galadhrim_descr_short}
The Galadhrim, warriors of Lothlórien.  Carry both an elvish battle-sword and a powerful bow.

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{elf_lothlorien}	Lothlórien Sentinels

{elf_lothlorien_descr}
Galadriel, the Queen of Lothlórien, protected her realm with her Ring of Power, Nenya.  The entire realm of Lothlórien, also known as Lorien, is under her enchantment and no one could enter without her awareness.  And even if they could enter, they must survive the ever-vigilant Sentinels, the finest archers of Lothlórien.  With Galadriel constantly aware of the enemy’s presence and informing her Sentinels, it is an impossible task to breach through Lothlórien alive. \n\n The wood-elves of Lothlórien, also called the Galadhrim, are of the Sindar-folk, although their queen, Galadriel, is of the Noldor.  She is an elf of great power, a kin of Feanor, the Noldor King who lead his people back to Middle-earth in the long war against Morgoth, the first Darklord.  Galadriel is one of the very few elves on Middle-earth who had seen Valinor, the undying lands.  She is now a keeper of one of the three Rings of Power, and her fate is bound to it, and to the One Ring. \n\n The Lothlórien Sentinels wear gray clothes and green cloaks to obscure their view in the forests of Lothlórien.  But even then, they are still aided by the power of their queen, making them virtually invincible in their territory.  They carry a Lothlórien bow, the finest bow still exist in Middle-earth, as the skill of the Galadhrim in bow making is unmatched by all.  For close combat, they carry a curved hunting blade.

{elf_lothlorien_descr_short}
The Sentinels, watchmen of Lothlórien.

¬----------------

{elf_mirkwood}	Mirkwood Rangers

{elf_mirkwood_descr}
The King of the Silvan elves, Thranduil, in Mirkwood protected his territories from orc and wicked men raids for a long time.  He neither had a Ring of Power or a vast army at his disposal.  However, the dense forest of Mirkwood is the perfect ground for guerilla and ambush attacks.  Most of Thranduil’s army is Rangers: soldiers who fight mostly with their bow while hidden by the forest.  Even his son, the prince Legolas, is trained in the ways of the Ranger.  The Rangers of Mirkwood are experts of archery and at fighting in the woods. \n\n As is required for those who have to stalk their enemy in silence, the Rangers wear minimal armor, practically nothing except their green and brown hued clothing.  They rely on the trees and plants as their main protection, as the enemy cannot harm them if they are invisible.  They carry a fine Silvan bow and a dagger for close combat.  They wear a hood and cloak to protect them from the elements and further hide their appearance in the forest.

{elf_mirkwood_descr_short}
Rangers of Mirkwood, experts at battles in the woods.

¬----------------

{elven_catapult}	Elven Heavy Catapult

{elven_catapult_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThis war machine is powered by a twisted spring of animal sinew ropes, the most elastic substance available. \n\nThe throwing arm is held in tension by the sinews. When pulled back and held by a catch it can fling a boulder with considerable speed and range. This version can be used for reducing stone fortifications, but it can also be used on the battlefield for destroying enemy artillery and harassing troops (although admittedly by killing some of them outright).\n\nThe catapult can also be used to launch incendiary missiles such as fire pots, making it a versatile piece of artillery to any commander.\n\nAlthough they have no love for destructive and crude machinery, the catapults built by the elves are bigger and more destructive than the regular catapults due to their superior craftsmanship.  Only Gondorian and Dwarven catapults may rival their power.

{elven_catapult_descr_short}
The elven heavy catapult is a siege engine capable of reducing even stone ramparts to rubble, but can be vulnerable to enemy catapults.

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{elf_light}	Elvish Warriors

{elf_light_descr}
Elves are blessed with grace and beauty.  They are also blessed with great physical abilities and dexterity, which made them natural combatants.  Despite their reluctance to fight, as almost all elves are artists, poets and crafters, no one can dispute their prowess on the battlefield. \n\n These elves are light armored warriors.  They are not soldiers, as elves do not hold any constant occupation relating to war.  Yet the Elves are still a formidable force on the battlefield.  These warriors are armed with two elvish blades, one slightly shorter than the other, as most elves are ambidextrous.  Their armor is made from fine leather and very light, yet through their complex processing methods, it is more durable and offers more protection than even bronze armor.

{elf_light_descr_short}
Light armored elven warriors, armed with a fine sword and short blade.

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{elf_light_cavalry}	Elvish Scout Cavalry

{elf_light_cavalry_descr}
It is said that the mearas could understand the tongues of Elves and Men.  The Elves have always been in tune with nature and its uncorrupted inhabitants.  They have long established a link with the mearas, as well as other horses, for they love the beauty and grace of the creatures.  Even though Elves are renown for their speed in travelling, the speed and strength of horses are unmatched by any other animal.  On the battlefield, speed is paramount, and the Elves understood this perfectly.  They have long endured ambush and cowardly tactics employed by the orcs in their long war against the Darklord and his minions.  Thus they find it necessary to employ the aid of horses, for their strength and speed are too great to ignore.
Unlike the other races, the Elves do not consider their steed as property.  They are not masters of the horse, but instead they are allies.  Horses are considered companions, a brother on the battlefield.  Thus the power of the Elvish cavalry is hard to match, as the relationship between rider and mount is a kinship, more than master and slave.  The downside of that is the rarity of elvish riders. \n\n The scout cavalry of the elves clad their horses in fine fabric, mostly elvish silk, to protect their steed from the elements and as recognition of status. The rider is clad in simple cloth, as they prefer to be as light as possible and lessen the burden of their mount.  Instead of an armor, they wore simple yet sturdy leather shoulder guards to protect their flank.  They also strapped a small shield on their arm, as in mounted combat, they can only attack one side or another, and thus it is essential to protect the exposed side.  They wield a bow smaller than the elvish longbow due to the restrictions of movements while mounted on a horse.  Even when riding a horse at full speed on a rough terrain, the precision and lethality of an elvish archer barely dimisnish, making them the deadliest mounted archers in the world.  As a side weapon, the rider wields a sword.


{elf_light_cavalry_descr_short}
Scout cavalry of the Elves, great archers mounted on fast horses.

¬----------------

{elf_light_archer}	Elvish Archers

{elf_light_archer_descr}
Blessed with sharp eyes and manual dexterity, elves are superb marksmen.  Their aim is precise and deadly, as is their skill in bow making.  These elves are formed into an archer group, whose main task is to unleash a rain of arrows on the enemy.  As elves are naturally gifted, practically any elf with basic training would make an excellent archer. \n\n The elvish archers wear no armor, as they prefer to rely on their reflexes and agility in combat.  In most cases, the opponents would have been wiped out before they get to melee range.  Their bow and arrows are of high quality, one of the finest in the world.  Even if they are without their natural talents, they are immortal and a long time to learn and hone their skills in both crafting bows and combat archery.

{elf_light_archer_descr_short}
Archers of the elves, armed with a fine bow.
¬----------------

{elf_kingsguard}	Kingsguard

{elf_kingsguard_descr}
The Kingsguard, or Tirn en-Erain, are the chosen of all the warriors of the Elves to be the personal protectors of the King and the royal family.  As elves are already the best warriors in the world, these elite guardians are simply the best of the best. \n\n The Kingsguard wear an elvish armor, similar in design with the high warriors.  The metal itself is of different material, possibly with more mithril in the composition, giving a better resistance against attacks.  They also wear a suit of chain mail but covered underneath a deep blue elvish silk suit, a marking of elvish royalty.  The helmet has a different design than the regular elvish helmet, as it follows the older, more traditional designs of the ancient Noldor kingdoms.  Each kingdom had their own design and this heavy, top curved design may have been an imitation of the original elvish helmet of the Noldor elves led by Feanor, who returned to Middle-earth to wage war upon Morgoth, the first Darklord.  The Kingsguard’s main weapon is an elvish sword, one handed as it is paired with a high quality, elaborately decorated royal shield.  Their main purpose is the protection of the royalty in their charge, thus they do not wield the two-handed elvish battle sword.

{elf_kingsguard_descr_short}
The chosen guardians of the Elven Kings.

¬----------------

{elf_rivendell}	Imladhrim Swordsmen

{elf_rivendell_descr}
Imladris, or Rivendell in the common tongue, is one of the last sanctuaries of the elves since the collapse of Lindon after the death of the last elvish king Gil-galad.  It was founded by Elrond the Half-elven, who served as the elvish high king’s chief lieutenant at the Battle of Dagorlad.  He is now one of the most influential elves in Middle-earth. \n\n The valley of Imladris is a natural fortress.  The entrance into the valley is narrow and closely guarded by the ever-vigilant elvish guards.  Aside from the contingent of archers at the many hidden outposts, armored swordsmen who are highly skilled and powerful combatants also defend Imladris.  The number of army stationed there are nowhere near the army of elves of ages past, but their number and strategic position is still enough that they could drive back more numerous enemy armies. \n\n The swordsmen of Imladris are armed with a great quality longsword.  Unlike their Lothlórien kin, the sword they wield is closer in shape to the straight edged swords of Men and ancient elves.  It is possible that the elves of Imladris took a different path in the evolution of weapon design.  The swordsmen wear a coat of chainmail as their main armor under links of plate that cover most of their arm.  They also wear a hooded cloak to help them stay hidden in the forests of Imladris.  Their main function is to defend Imladris from incursions that manage to slip past the net of outposts although they could be deployed for a campaign outside of their realm.

{elf_rivendell_descr_short}
Guardians of Imladris, swordsmen of great skill.

¬----------------

{elf_rivendell_archer}	Imladhrim Archers

{elf_rivendell_archer_descr}
Elves are naturally gifted archers, with their superior sight and dexterity.  The safety of the natural fortress of Imladris is enhanced by the presence of archer sentries, guarding vital points in the entrance into the valley.  Virtually no living creature can pass through the watchful eyes of the guards without notice. In the unlikely event that intruders managed to breach the defenses, the defense of Imladris fell on the shoulders of the elite guards, who are separated into two divisions of swordsmen and archers. \n\n Just like the swordsmen, the elite archers of Imladris are equipped with great quality armor, worn under a hooded cloak.  They wield a bow of great quality, possibly imported from Lothlórien, where the finest bows in Middle-earth are made.  Imladris has craftsmen of the highest order and many great armaments were made there.  But they lack the natural resources such as the unique trees of Lothlórien required to make the shafts of their special bows.  Combined with the finest bows and armor, the guards of Imladris will decimate any foe foolish enough to try to breach their defenses.

{elf_rivendell_archer_descr_short}
Elite archers of Imladris, armed with the best bows and armor.

¬----------------

	
¬----------------	
	
{eldar_general}	Eldar Guard
	
{eldar_general_descr}	
Ageless and wise are the Noldor, the Eldarin exiles who had once chosen to return to Middle-earth in the days of the First Age. The Noldor lords now dwindle in number, their sea-longing harkens them to return to the Undying Lands, yet those who remain are unmatched in ability and greatly feared for their battle prowess, having endless time to hone their skills.	
	
{eldar_general_descr_short}	
Eldar Guard	
	
¬----------------	
	
{eldar_noldor_swords}	Noldor Swordsmen
	
{eldar_noldor_swords_descr}	
The remaining few Noldor who are not in a position of command form small infantry units of extreme lethality. Like their brethren who guard the Eldar Lords, they possess weapons and armour of the finest craftsmanship and constitution. Matched with their untold years of experience there is no foe who would wish to cross blades with these superior warriors. 	
	
{eldar_noldor_swords_descr_short}	
Noldor Swordsmen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{eldar_sindar_swords}	Sindar Swordsmen
	
{eldar_sindar_swords_descr}	
Although the lesser part of the Sindar completed the Great March to Valinor, those that remained in Middle-earth are counted amongst the Eldar nonetheless.  The Sindar (or Grey) Elves so greatly loved the lands of Middle-earth that they could not forsake them, stilling (for a time) the sea-longing that they may continue to dwell there.  Long before the Noldor returned to Middle-earth to make war upon Morgoth, the Sindar were already assailed by his forces, and they have known many battles and hardships over the ages since.  Few indeed in Middle-earth could claim to be their peers when it comes to swordsmanship and valour.	
	
{eldar_sindar_swords_descr_short}	
Sindar Swordsmen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{eldar_sindar_spears}	Sindar Spearmen
	
{eldar_sindar_spears_descr}	
Sindar Spearmen can be as deadly as any Elves in battle, although they occupy a primarily defensive role. Their sturdy shields and spears are most effective at halting any attempt to break their lines, and enemy cavalry units would surely think twice before attacking such steadfast warriors.	
	
{eldar_sindar_spears_descr_short}	
Sindar Spearmen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{eldar_sindar_spears_lorien}	Galadhrim Spearmen
	
{eldar_sindar_spears_lorien_descr}	
The people of the trees, the Galadhrim, dwell among the branches and bows of the great Mallorns, and have become adept at utilising the foliage to their advantage. Seemingly from nowhere they can materialise to defend their forest home.	
	
{eldar_sindar_spears_lorien_descr_short}	
Galadhrim Spearmen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{eldar_sindar_archers}	Sindar Archers
	
{eldar_sindar_archers_descr}	
Elves are renowned for their archery, and the Sindar do not discord that distinction. They are a mainstay of Elven forces in Middle-earth and have been known to best foes both greater and lesser from afar with their deadly missiles. They may slightly lack in hand to hand experience though, because enemies rarely have the chance to get that close to a Grey elf with a bow.	
	
{eldar_sindar_archers_descr_short}	
Sindar Archers	
	
¬----------------	
	
{eldar_sindar_archers_lorien}	Galadhrim Archers
	
{eldar_sindar_archers_lorien_descr}	
The archers of Lothlórien are among the finest of all Elven bowmen. Not only are they adept at concealment, but their arrows sail farther and harder than any others in Middle-earth due to their superior bows and vigilant training.	
	
{eldar_sindar_archers_lorien_descr_short}	
Galadhrim Archers	
	
¬----------------	
	
{eldar_silvan_spears}	Silvan Spearmen
	
{eldar_silvan_spears_descr}	
The Silvan elves favour two weapons more than any others. One is the spear, for it is simple and elegant, lightweight and versatile. Typically, Silvan elves wielding spears will march with others who wield shortbows, providing each other with a compliment of long range attacks and a strong close range defence  which has been perfectly adapted to fighting within their forested realms.  	
	
{eldar_silvan_spears_descr_short}	
Silvan Spearmen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{eldar_silvan_woodsmen}	Silvan Woodsmen
	
{eldar_silvan_woodsmen_descr}	
The Silvan (or Green) Elves are not of the Eldar, for they never saw the light of the Trees in Aman.  They do not receive the beckoning call of the Undying Lands, but are content to dwell among the vales and forests of Middle-earth. Though skilled in craft much like their kindred, they do not share the interest in great buildings and bright swords.  Their love is more for the forests and beasts.  Should any threaten their cares however, they can be swift and deadly in their response, and many a transgressor has been slain with no knowledge of their presence.	
	
{eldar_silvan_woodsmen_descr_short}	
Silvan Woodsmen	
	
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{erebor_general}	Dwarrow Guard
	
{erebor_general_descr}	
Dwarves of the Dwarrow Guard are fierce warriors indeed.  Dwarves are renowned for their hardiness and strength, but only the strongest are fit to guard the halls of the great dwarves kings. They wear only the finest Mithril mail which makes them impervious to many attacks, and their heavy battleaxes, driven by their sturdy and willing arms, are capable of hewing through whole orcs.	
	
{erebor_general_descr_short}	
Dwarrow Guard, fierce and brave to the end	
	
¬----------------	
	
{erebor_iron_hills}	Dwarves of the Iron Hills
	
{erebor_iron_hills_descr}	
The dwarves of the Iron Hills stand out amongst dwarven armies with their great two-handed mattocks and perculiar dark mail.  Despite their thick armour and large weapons they do not tire easily, often outlasting their opponent who's stamina has been spent, and they have turned the tide of many a great battle for the dwarves.  Should their kinsmen be in need, they are always at the ready to march to their aid.	
	
{erebor_iron_hills_descr_short}	
Dwarves of the Iron Hills, anti-armor warriors	
	
¬----------------	
	
{erebor_dwarf_warriors}	Dwarf Warriors
	
{erebor_dwarf_warriors_descr}	
Dwarves prefer axes in combat, because their strong and dense frames can make good use of the heavy weapons. Battleaxe wielding dwarf warriors are the most common troop fielded by dwarves armies and are not easily bested.	
	
{erebor_dwarf_warriors_descr_short}	
Dwarf Warriors, backbone of Dwarven armies
	
¬----------------	
	
{erebor_dwarf_militia}	Dwarf Militia
	
{erebor_dwarf_militia_descr}	
The dwarves who tend the fields and mines may be called to battle when required, for the dwarves numbers are few and every able body is worth one more potentially dead orc. For this reason most dwarves are already skilled combatants, and oft love a good drunken brawl amongst themselves.	
	
{erebor_dwarf_militia_descr_short}	
Dwarf Militia	
	
¬----------------	
	
{erebor_dwarf_scouts}	Dwarf Scouts
	
{erebor_dwarf_scouts_descr}	
Dwarven scouts vigilantly patrol the borders of Erebor, especially to the west where invasions from orcs are likely. Armed with shortbows and keen eyes, the scouts provide the first line of defence against enemies, and often accompany armies into battle.	
	
{erebor_dwarf_scouts_descr_short}	
Dwarf Scouts	
	
¬----------------	
	
{erebor_men_archers}	Bowmen of Dale
	
{erebor_men_archers_descr}	
Perhaps inspired by the slaying of Smaug with an arrow from the bow of the hero Bard, many men of Dale have been eager to pick up a bow as their primary weapon. Though they are not Elven, they make excellent archers, and their skills complement those of the axe-wielding dwarves, with whom they frequently ally.	
	
{erebor_men_archers_descr_short}	
Bowmen of Dale	
	
¬----------------	
	
{erebor_men_spears}	Esgaroth Militia
	
{erebor_men_spears_descr}	
The people of Esgaroth are peaceful traders. Because of this they have a very limited military capacity, but when their livelihoods or the nearby town of Dale is threatened they are not unwilling to pick up a weapon and do what they must. 	
	
{erebor_men_spears_descr_short}	
Esgaroth Militia. (spear wall formation)
	
¬----------------	
	
{erebor_men_swords}	Dalic Infantry
	
{erebor_men_swords_descr}	
Dale is the largest human settlement in the northlands, and the humans there are obliged to maintain a sizable militia of trained infantry should an invasion occur. These men are armed with well crafted swords and armour obtained from the dwarves of the Lonely Mountain in exchange for goods and the service of protection. When the lands of Erebor come under threat the men and dwarves will ally forces once again.	
	
{erebor_men_swords_descr_short}	
Dalic Infantry	
	
¬----------------	
	
{erebor_men_cav}	Rhovanion Light Cavalry
	
{erebor_men_cav_descr}	
The Rohirrim claim descent from the ancient kings of Rhovanion. Now that land is wild and unpopulated, thanks to savage and recurring invasions by the Easterlings. Yet there is a semblance of that ancient race who once dwelt here. Much like Rohan the plains and hills of Rhovanion are ideal for travelling by horse, and that is what the remaining people of that land do in order to remain adaptable. They have been known to ally themselves with the neighbouring people of Erebor, and often provide cavalry for their armies.  	
	
{erebor_men_cav_descr_short}	
Rhovanion Light Cavalry	
	
¬----------------	
	
{rohan_general}	Meduseld Guard
	
{rohan_general_descr}	
Dedicated to the protection of the King of the Golden Hall and his family, these men are among the most masterful horse riders in all Middle-earth. They are thought to be bonded both spiritually and mentally to their mounts, which they personally rear and train from foals. When observed in battle their prowess is unmatched, which makes this notion not so hard to believe.	
	
{rohan_general_descr_short}	
Meduseld Guard	
	
¬----------------	
	
{rohan_med_cav}	Éored
	
{rohan_med_cav_descr}	
Éoreds are the mainstay of Rohan's regular forces. Equipped with longspears, axes and shields, they are a very versatile unit comprised of experienced and battle hardened soldiers.	
	
{rohan_med_cav_descr_short}	
Éored	
	
¬----------------	
	
{rohan_light_cav}	Riders of Rohan
	
{rohan_light_cav_descr}	
The Rohirrim are extremely skilled horse riders, and when needed even the general populace can be quickly mustered into an effective fighting force.  Typically equipped with spears, swords and shields, the age and experience of the men in these musters can vary markedly, but they are nonetheless amongst the most lethal cavalry in Middle-earth.	
	
{rohan_light_cav_descr_short}	
Riders of Rohan	
	
¬----------------	
	
{rohan_horse_archers}	Rohirrim Horse Archers
	
{rohan_horse_archers_descr}	
A very few number of men have the dedication or pure ability to master the art of firing a bow from horseback. Those than can are very valued for their mobility and versatility. The people of Rohan are the only ones know to have perfected the art, and their Horse Archers are a feared foe indeed.	
	
{rohan_horse_archers_descr_short}	
Rohirrim Horse Archers	
	
¬----------------	
	
{rohan_swords}	Rohan Swordsmen
	
{rohan_swords_descr}	
While horses may be advantageous it can be difficult to field great numbers of them. Many men in Rohan's army must go on foot when horses are not readily available. These men fight with no less spirit or determination though because of it. 	
	
{rohan_swords_descr_short}	
Rohan Swordsmen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{rohan_spears}	Rohan Spearmen
	
{rohan_spears_descr}	
No army should be without spearmen, and Rohan's generals recognise the necessity of such a unit. In the rare circumstance where Rohan's own cavalry may be outmanoeuvred or overpowered there is a last line of defence against enemy cavalry. 	
	
{rohan_spears_descr_short}	
Rohan Spearmen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{rohan_archers}	Rohan Archers
	
{rohan_archers_descr}	
Rohan's archers are dedicated and skilled amongst the people of Middle-earth.  But while they are not the worst, they are unfortunately not the best either. Still, they are worthy, and a skilled archer should never be under-valued.	
	
{rohan_archers_descr_short}	
Rohan Archers	
	
¬----------------	
	
{rohan_axemen}	Rohan Axemen
	
{rohan_axemen_descr}	
Stronger soldiers in Rohan's ranks may choose the wield the heavy straight edged axes. In substituting the shield they lose defence, but a second axe in the off-hand plus the extra fortitude these men possess makes up for the difference. This unit's flurry of heavy attacks will hopefully prevent the enemy from gaining an opportunity to retaliate before they are killed. 	
	
{rohan_axemen_descr_short}	
Rohan Axemen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{rohan_militia}	Rohan Fyrdmen
	
{rohan_militia_descr}	
The people of Rohan are aware of the danger that surrounds them. Those that are fit and able-bodied either become soldiers or make sure they are trained to fight, even if they do not intend to unless absolutely necessary. The people of Rohan are hardy, and even the peasants can harbour a fair resistance.	
	
{rohan_militia_descr_short}	
Rohan Fyrdmen	
	
	
¬****************************************************************************************
¬***** ROHAN
¬****************************************************************************************

{rohan_peasant}	Rohan Peasant Militia

{rohan_peasant_descr}
The peasants of Rohan are accustomed to the dangers of living near the borderlands.  The lands of Calenardhon are close to Dunland, home of the savage Northmen, and the Misty Mountain, home of many orc clans.  When Cirion, the Ruling Steward of Gondor gave the land of Calenardhon to Eorl the Young and his horsemen, he renamed the region The Riddermark, home of the horselords, and widely known as Rohan.  The act was not only from gratitude for aiding Gondor’s army, who was dispatched there to confront invaders.  It is a tactical move by the Steward, as the large land of Rohan is a wide-open space, making it hard to defend by mere infantry.  With a civilization like Eorl’s men ruling the land, the borders are secured, guarded by roaming cavalry patrols.  But the threat of invasion is still present, especially by the Dunlendings, savage men of Dunland, who believed the Rohirrim are occupying the land rightfully theirs.  They staged many raid attacks and the citizens of Rohan learned that they need to be ready to defend themselves at a moment’s notice. \n\n The peasant militia is armed with simple throwing spears, a weapon the people are familiar with, as Rohan is a nation of hunter-gatherers.  The men of Rohan were taught how to hunt with a spear very early in their lives, by tradition or trade.  For protection, they wear a simple leather helmet and carry a sturdy shield.

{rohan_peasant_descr_short}
Peasant militia of Rohan, relies on javelins for attack.

¬----------------

{rohan_peasant_horse}	Rohan Peasant Horsemen

{rohan_peasant_horse_descr}
Rohan is a nation with a culture centered on horses.  The horse they own influenced almost all of their daily aspects.  Almost all households possess at least one horse, either for working the farmland or as a beast of burden.  Although not all of them are trained for battle, the horses could still make a good steed to ride into one.  The mearas, a breed of superior horses, have their own individual temperaments.  While some are eager to join its rider into battle, others prefer to roam free or work daily labor. \n\n When the need is dire, peasants of Rohan who own a steed would ride into battle.  They are armed with simple working tools and often wearing just their daily clothes since not all households possess a family heirloom of good armament or someone else in the household is already wearing them.  These simple horsemen are no battlefield combatants so they are only deployed when the éored, the cavalry militia of Rohan, is not available or desperately require assistance.

{rohan_peasant_horse_descr_short}
Peasant Horsemen of Rohan, regular citizens on their simple steed armed with simple weapons, should only be deployed as a last resort.

¬----------------

{rohan_defender}	Rohan Town Defenders

{rohan_defender_descr}
The Town Defenders are a step up from the peasant militia.  They are ordinary peasants who were given basic training for combat, mostly for the defense of settlements.  Rohan has no professional soldiers like Gondor, so their army consists mostly of ordinary citizens who take up arms at times of need.  The town defenders are exactly that, except they are citizens who have dedicated their time and trained to be proper defenders. \n\n Town defenders are mostly armed with a sturdy axe, a simple worker tool but can be quite effective at combat.  Swords are not common in the Rohan household and most of them are family heirlooms passed down over generations.  Most of the sword bearers already belong in the éored, such that the ones left behind are mostly without good armaments.  This bears little significance to Rohan’s strategy for defense, since most battles are taken outside of their settlements, in the open fields where the mounted warriors have the advantage. \n\n For protection, the town defenders wear a simple leather vest and helmet, not highly decorated but still offer decent protection.  They are simply the last line of defense, in the event when the enemies evaded or broken through the cavalry.

{rohan_defender_descr_short}
Town Defenders, simple fighters armed with an axe and shield, good for defending settlements.

¬----------------

{rohan_eored}	Éored Lancers

{rohan_eored_descr}
The fully armored lancers are the backbone of Rohan military.  These are the more experienced and veterans Rohirrim, warriors who are at their prime.  The household where a veteran éored resides receives a regular stipend from the King, usually through the lord of the settlement, either in currency, equipment or tax relief.  Rohan as a nation rely less on farming due to their steppe land.  Water is not as easily available like their neighbor Gondor, who has access to the great river Anduin.  They are a culture of hunter-gatherers and herders.  As such, their technology is quite limited, as their forges are not as advanced as those found in Gondor. \n\n The Lancers wear a scale mail vest, made from woven metal leaves.  Underneath it they wear chain mail, for those who can afford it.  They do not wear plate armor even if they could buy them from Gondor, as they do not want to burden their steed too much during the long ride of patrols.  But the primary reason is that fixing a plate armor would require craftsmanship beyond them.  Thus the heavy plate armor are reserved for persons of high rank.  The Lancers wear a metal skull helmet, usually bought from Gondor, with leather glued on top of it to hide its metallic appearance.  The reason is just simple decorative, to keep it in line with their culture.  They also carry a wooden shield, layered with tough leather painted with the symbol of the sun.  The main arsenal the Lancers use is the Rohirrim lance, a finely made long spear with a steel spearhead.  The Lancers main tactic and function is to break through the enemy line with their powerful charge, cause disruption in their formation and let the lighter armored éored enter the battle.

{rohan_eored_descr_short}
The Lancers, backbone of the Rohan army.

¬----------------

{rohan_einfantry}	Rohirrim Foot Lancers

{rohan_einfantry_descr}
The Lancers are sometimes required to fight without their mounts, often for the defense of settlements.\n\n The unmounted Lancers are deployed because the presence of infantry is necessary.  The Rohirrim do not possess the skill to build high walls to protect their towns but they do own settlements with such defense, either passed down from other nations or commissioned to be build by others.  So it is sometimes required to fight on top of walls, something cavalry cannot do.  The defense of settlement walls is paramount, as it gives the advantage of higher ground.  Rohan’s best strategy for defense is to keep the enemy from entering and deploy the foot-lancers to hold any enemy cavalry at bay. 

{rohan_einfantry_descr_short}
The foot Lancers. Dependable anti-cavalry troops. (spear wall formation)

¬----------------

{rohan_kcavalry}	Knights of Rohan

{rohan_kcavalry_descr}
The knights of Rohan are noblemen and men of stature.  They are mostly veterans who had gained prestige through many battles or through their lineage.  These are proud and noble men, the upper class of the Rohirrim society and their bravery on the battlefield upholds their stature. \n\n The knights are garbed similarly with the Royal Guards, as many of them used to be a Royal Guard.  They are allowed to take their uniform with them and to continue service for the King when the call to arms is sounded.  They wear a fine scale mail coat, continued with a layer of green silk coat under it and chain mail underneath.  The helmet is a stripped down Royal Guard helmet, with the horse head and hair removed to renounce their full service to the house of the King.  The usually exposed metal body of the helmet is covered with thin strip of leather, not for extra protection but for aesthetic as the color of leather fits more with the Rohan culture.  Officially, the knights are more duty-bound to their land of charge than to the capital city of Rohan.  Their armament consists of the Rohirrim lance and a shield bearing the symbol of the sun in silver made from cut out metal.  They also carry short spears they could throw, as their household is wealthy enough to own many spears.  The knights are deployed as front line cavalry, alongside the éored Lancers.

{rohan_kcavalry_descr_short}
The Knights of Rohan, courageous combat veterans.

¬----------------

{rohan_helmingas2}	Helmingas Swordsmen

{rohan_helmingas2_descr}
The Helmingas, warriors of Helm, are sometimes required to fight on foot, either through the necessity for foot soldiers or for defense of walls of a settlement.  Unlike most of the men who serve in the éored, the Rohan militia, the Helmingas are seasoned fighters and as professional as the Royal Guards.  They are properly trained in combat using a broadsword.  The Helmingas wear a thick leather vest on top of a suit of mail.  Their helmet is richly decorated and has a half-mask, mimicking the design of Helm’s royal helmet.  When fighting on foot, the Helmingas discarded their shield and instead opted to fight by holding their broadsword with both hands.  The strength of their swings and the skills they trained for many years made them into incredible close combatants, unsurpassed throughout the lands of Rohan. \n\n The swords used by the Rohirrim are not mass-produced like those used by the Gondorian army.  Instead they are individually crafted family heirlooms, passed down through generations.  Swordsmiths are not common in Rohan’s many settlements so forges are often used only to refine and fix weapon and armor.  This makes the Rohirrim treasure the swords highly due to their limited availability.  Often the sword is a measure of their stature in their community.

{rohan_helmingas2_descr_short}
The unmounted Helmingas, superb close combat sword fighters.

¬----------------

{rohan_medguard}	Meduseld Guards

{rohan_medguard_descr}
The Guardians of Meduseld are Royal Guards who are posted at Meduseld, the Golden Hall, where the throne stood and King of Rohan resides.  During their time of service, the safety of the hall and the people in it is paramount.  They will defend the house of the King with their dying breath. \n\n The Meduseld Guards wield a sword, unlike the mounted Royal Guards.  They are well trained in the arts of sword fighting, as it is their full time occupation.  The sword they wield, however, is not the typical battle sword commonly found in Middle-earth.  The blade is shorter and thick throughout, and the handle is heavy.  This is a sword made for the cavalry, as it is designed for downward swings and short stabs.  The Guards are very capable fighters using this type of sword even when fighting on foot.

{rohan_medguard_descr_short}
The Guardians of Meduseld, elite defenders of the King's court.

¬----------------

{rohan_royalguard}	Royal Guards

{rohan_royalguard_descr}
The Royal Guards are the few selected men to serve the King’s household.  These are perhaps the only professional soldiers, as being a warrior is their full time occupation, in all of Rohan.  The Rpyal Guards serve the King directly and protect his person and the entirety of his house.  They are without peer in combat skills and loyalty. \n\n The Royal Guards wear a uniform of fine scale mail coat, worn on top of red silk coat of great quality and value, with chain mail underneath.  The red coat is a symbol of Rohan royalty, as only the king and his kin wear armor of such color.  The armor of the Royal Guards has ornate decorations, as well as their helmet, with a detailed horse head made of wood adorned on top, paired with dark horse hair.  The steel visor is layered with copper to give it a rich color and is hand etched to give it authentic Rohan pattern and appearance.  For defense, they wield a wooden shield covered with leather dyed green and decorated with a burnished bronze cut out in the shape of their sun symbol.  It gives an appearance of a majestic golden sun shining over a field of green.  The main weapon used by the Royal Guards is the standard Rohirrim lance of higher quality, as they take great care of their armor and weapon with more expense and care than the éored, due to the Guards’ full time occupation as combatants.

{rohan_royalguard_descr_short}
The Royal Guards, protectors of the King and his family.

¬----------------

{rohan_horse_archer}	Éored Horse Archers

{rohan_horse_archer_descr}
The people of Rohan are taught how to shoot a bow very early in their life.  As hunter-gatherers, it is essential for them to master the skill of archery.  However, not all of them are capable bowmen as it takes a little talent to not only shoot a bow, but also shoot it while mounted on a horse.  Horse archery is tricky as you have to rely on your instincts and legs to guide the horse as both of your hands are occupied.  Only the most accomplished riders and bowmen could master this.  These men are revered as master hunters and deployed as éored horse archers. \n\n The horse archers’ great skills are hindered by one thing: the quality of their bow.  Riding on horses makes them incapable of using the tall longbow, thus limiting the distance of their arrows. Another problem is the quality of their arrows, as feathers do not fare well in the steppe climates of Rohan.  Feathered arrows would have been too light and not precise enough in the strong wind of the grasslands.  The Rohirrim opted instead to use processed light leather strips for their arrows, giving more weight and control but with the side effect of reducing its travel distance.  However the speed of their movement makes up for the lack of range. \n\n The horsemen archers wear chain mail suit and coif for protection.  On top of that they wear green colored coat and a light leather vest.  They do not wear a helmet as it could hinder their vision.

{rohan_horse_archer_descr_short}
The Horse Archers, fast moving mounted archers.

¬----------------

{rohan_archer}	Rohirrim Archers

{rohan_archer_descr}
When facing raiders and incursions into their settlements, the Rohirrim may not have enough time to deploy the mounted militia, the éored.  Often they must defend their homes while standing on the ground.  Fortunately for the people of Rohan, they have been trained in archery since childhood.  It is tradition for the Rohirrim to train their young with these seemingly simple hunting skills. \n\n The archers who are skilled at fighting on top of their horses are even more accomplished bowmen on the steady ground.  The only limit is their short bows and heavy arrows.  These bowmen are best deployed in defense of settlements or on top of defensive walls.  For close combat, they are equipped with a sturdy one-handed axe, which they are proficient at using but might not be adequate for facing well-armed opponents.  They wear a chainmail suit under a sturdy leather vest, providing good protection while leaving their limbs free to use bows.

{rohan_archer_descr_short}
Archers of Rohan. Good for defense of settlements.  Vulnerable to melee.

¬----------------

{rohan_eored3}	Éored Light Lancers

{rohan_eored3_descr}
Rohan has no professional army like Gondor.  Instead there exist the militia, citizens of Rohan who are called to bear arms and mount their steed to march into battle.  This militia is called the éored.  Unlike other nation’s militia however, these are no mere peasants with arms.  The Rohirrim are trained to ride horses before they learned how to walk.  Riding is second nature to them.  After that they are taught how to wield arms to defend themselves and to hunt.  Even though warring is not their real occupation, the Rohirrim militia consisted with capable fighters with years of experience using their weapons. \n\n The Light Lancers are the basic mounted warriors of Rohan.  These are mostly young Rohirrim who just came of age and recently joined to serve in the éored.  They wear a leather vest as anything more would have cost more or they do not possess the physical strength to ride and wear heavier armor yet.  As their time of service in the militia continues, so would their stipend from the King and they would be able to purchase better armaments.  Their primary weapon is the Rohirrim lance, a long and sturdy lance most effectively used on horseback.  The Light Lancers are often deployed as support units for the more experienced éored veterans, to flank the enemy or chase down skirmishers and bowmen.

{rohan_eored3_descr_short}
Light Lancers, good for support and chase down skirmishers.

¬----------------

{rohan_eored4}	Éored Chargers

{rohan_eored4_descr}
Almost all of the men of Rohan who owns a healthy steed served in an éored, the militia cavalry of Rohan.  Although most of them are not experienced battlefield combatants, they are still proud warriors who honor their lineage.  The nomadic clan of the Éothéod led by Eorl the Young was the origin of the Rohirrim.  They were a clan of proud horsemen, self reliant and rich in culture and tradition.  And by tradition, each household would provide at least one able bodied man to serve in the éored.  Because of this, most of the households possess family heirlooms of good quality armaments, passed down from father to son. \n\n Éored Chargers are seasoned mounted warriors who had experienced combat.  They are deployed as a primary support unit for the lancers, the backbone of the Rohan cavalry.  Either by protecting their flank or providing harassing the enemy’s formation with their throwing spears.  They are required to pull fast maneuvers, hence giving them their nickname.  The Chargers are armed with a heavy axe, made more deadly when wielded from atop of their mount.

{rohan_eored4_descr_short}
Éored Chargers, armed with sword, shield and throwing spears.

¬----------------

{rohan_einfantry3}	Rohirrim Axemen

{rohan_einfantry3_descr}
As a culture that live and die on their horse, the Rohirrim prefer to fight on horseback.  However, there are times when they have to fight on foot. \n\n These light armored warriors replaced their lance with a heavy axe since their role in battle is to provide secondary support to the main defense line, which are held by the heavier armored veterans.  The weapon itself is a specially made battle axe, unlike those used by the peasant militia or town defenders.  The shape of head is unique to this culture and is elaborately decorated with Rohan patterns, a cultural trait they carried since the days of Eorl the Young, the founder of Rohan.  The armor they wear is processed tough leather, common among the Rohirrim.  They also wear a leather helmet with a horse’s head ornament, the symbol of their treasure and pride, the mearas of Riddermark.

{rohan_einfantry3_descr_short}
Battle-Axemen, good for infantry line support.

¬----------------

{rohan_eored2}	Éored Scouts

{rohan_eored2_descr}
The Scouts are fast moving cavalry whose main functions are as couriers and observers enemy movements.  They are also quite capable of harassing enemy troops with their mobility and ranged weapon.  The Scouts are men recruited from the éored who are not as capable in close range battles, usually either because of age or old injuries.  Even if their role in battle is not as evident as the other éored divisions, their significance at winning the war is paramount. \n\n The éored Scouts are clad in simple clothing of brown, underneath a leather vest.  They carry with them a stack of hunting spears, to be thrown at the enemy.  They avoid direct combat as much as possible but when the need arises, they also posses a hand axe.
{rohan_eored2_descr_short}
Scout cavalry, armed with throwing spears and an axe.

¬----------------

{rohan_helmingas}	Helmingas of Rohan

{rohan_helmingas_descr}
The people of Helm, the Helmingas, are descendants of the proud royal guards of Helm, the last of the first line of Kings.  Because the culture of Rohan highly reveres and respects their ancestors, the King of the second line gave them special titles and privileges, which they repaid by keeping their traditions true. \n\n The Helmingas fighting technique differs slightly than the current day Rohirrim.  They use a thick, long battle sword as their primary weapon.  Their progenitors were specially trained by Helm, who were fascinated with fortifications and understood its potentials.  As most of the Rohirrim fighting force use mainly the lance, he ordered the training of talented men to be expert hand-to-hand combatants, defenders of a walled fortress.  These men would become the firsts of the Royal Guards, professional soldiers of Rohan.  Because they are following tradition closely, the Helmingas do not wear scale hauberk like the other veteran warriors.  They wear a highly decorated thick leather vest on top of fine mail, which offer good protection while still giving enough maneuverability.  Their cavalry charge is not as devastating as the Rohirrim armed with lances but their heavy sword is extremely deadly in close battles.

{rohan_helmingas_descr_short}
Noblemen of the first line of Rohan royalty, armed with a broadsword and shield.

¬----------------

	
¬****************************************************************************************
¬***** ISENGARD
¬****************************************************************************************

¬----------------	
	
{isengard_general}	Chieftain Uruks
	
{isengard_general_descr}	
Savage, vile and cruel are the Chieftains of the Uruks. Their pure rage and malevolence make them hard to overcome for they want to destroy everything pure, and normal creatures are absolutely repelled by them. They are also the strongest of all uruks, both in will and in sinew. So determined are that that they can be severely wounded to no effect. 	
	
{isengard_general_descr_short}	
Chieftain Uruks

¬----------------

{orc_isengard}	Orc Raiders

{orc_isengard_descr}
Saruman’s treachery runs deeper than many may have thought.  The white wizard had been in contact with the wildmen of the north and the orcs of Misty Mountain for a long time.  After he declared open war to the free Men of Middle-earth and pledged servitude to the Darklord Sauron, many orcs turned to his service, as they had long feared his power.  Although Saruman knows orcs are not enough for his grand scheme of conquest, he had the intitiative of using the orcs as his temporary soldiers while he built his Uruk-hai army.  They raid the lands of Rohan alongside the Northmen and carry out the foul tasks of terrorizing the area surrounding Isengard, expanding Saruman’s domain. \n\n The orcs are not as well armored as the Uruk-hai due to their weaker stature.  However the massive forges of Isengard produce the necessary armaments for them, lessening the need for them to scavenge for equipment like their Mordor kin.  They carry the brand of the white hand of Saruman proudly on their armor, the symbol of their servitude.  Some might say that they are more loyal to Saruman than to Sauron himself, which is quite likely given the length of time Saruman spent nurturing these orcs to his side.  The orcs rarely carry shields, as their primary task is to raid towns and villages, and they do not expect to face well-armed opponents.

{orc_isengard_descr_short}
Orcs of Isengard, well armored raiders and plunderers.

¬----------------

{dunlending_loyalist}	Dunlending Loyalists

{dunlending_loyalist_descr}
Saruman’s commanding voice and intelligence easily swayed the minds of the Dunlendings.  Some even believed him to be an incarnation of a deity or a divine messiah.  These Dunlendings have shown true devotion and worship to the wizard that they abandoned their loyalty to their kin in order to be in his service. \n\n The Dunlendings in Isengard’s army function mostly as support, to protect the flanks of the ferocious Uruk-hai warriors.  They wield a heavy but crude sword made in the forges of Isengard.  They also carry throwing spears, a legacy from their days as hunters in the plains of Dunland, which they could throw at the enemy before they attack.  They are clad in armor, a departure from their usual habit of only wearing fur and hide.  They even carry shields, an uncommon trait for this savage race of Men.  It is possible Saruman managed to train them enough to fight as proper soldiers and abandon their primitive ways.

{dunlending_loyalist_descr_short}
Hillmen who are fanatical in their loyalty to Saruman.

¬----------------

{urukhai_marauder}	Uruk-hai Marauders

{urukhai_marauder_descr}
The race of the Uruk-hai were originally created by Sauron, by using foul magics and cross breeding many sub-species of orcs, goblins and others too horrid to mention.  Sauron desired a race of orcs who could withstand sunlight without weakening or be in pain.  His secrets were passed down to Saruman, the corrupt wizard, who then attempted and succeeded in refining the process and the end result.  The Fighting Uruk-hai, a terrible and master race of orcs were born, blessed with straight limbs and stood as tall as Men, with the strength and savagery beyond all orcs. \n\n The Marauder groups are formed for reconnaissance and for ambush attacks.  They move with great speed, blessed with Saruman’s magic and wore light armored.  They wear a hard plate breastplate over a leather coat and a leather helm to cover their heads.  They carry with them a wicked blade, thick and broad, able to cause massive damage due to their heavy mass.  The sword they carry is not refined in quality or aesthetic but it is an effective weapon of war, mass-produced in the cavernous forges of Isengard.  The Marauders also carry a medium sized shield with sharp frontal edges that can also be used as a weapon.

{urukhai_marauder_descr_short}
The Marauders, fast moving assault warriors.

¬----------------


{urukhai_pikeman}	Uruk-hai Pikemen

{urukhai_pikeman_descr}
Unlike the regular breeds of orcs, the Uruk-hai are capable of following strict orders and control their bloodlust to be disciplined enough.  They are able to form advanced formations and fight effectively as an army.  This works as an advantage for Saruman over not only the other orc armies but also over the Men of Middle-earth, as he now possessed the strongest, brutal, yet most obedient army in the world. \n\n The pikemen’s main weapon is the long pike made of wooden shaft with a heavy iron tip.  It has a great reach although to be effective, the soldiers must be in a pike-wall formation.  The pikemen do not carry shields, as they require both hands to hold the pikes during combat.  Instead they wear a heavy gauntlet on their left hand to protect their arm.  They also wear the uniform armor of Isengard, the thick metal plates designed by Saruman, simple yet fitting for mass production.  The pikemen are slow moving in formation but no soldier or cavalry can penetrate through their line of deadly pikes without taking significant casualty.

{urukhai_pikeman_descr_short}
Uruk-hai pikemen, carry a long pike in pike-wall formation.

¬----------------

{urukhai_swordsman}	Uruk-hai Swordsmen

{urukhai_swordsman_descr}
The Uruk-hai produced by Saruman in their grotesque birthing pits of Isengard are conditioned to be mindless killing machines.  Saruman perfected Sauron’s methods and created a breed of greater orcs who were not trained but born a soldier.  Orcs in general are rowdy and too impetuous to form a coherent army, but the Uruk-hai of Isengard lack those traits.  They react and think as a group with unyielding loyalty to their creator.  They also lack the orcs’ fear of pain and death.  In short, they are made to be the perfect warriors. \n\n The core warriors of Isengard’s army are equipped with the uniform armor, plate mail of sub-par quality but because of their thickness provide good protection.  Saruman may have good designs for the armor of his soldiers but the orcs working his forges is not as capable smiths.  Regular orcs would not last long wearing the full armor due to the weight but these Uruk-hai are stronger and have more endurance.  The armor is strong but with little covering in the back, as they are expected to fight and march forward, never to retreat or turn their backs against the enemy.  They carry a straight yet broad sword, simplistic in design but the weight and size combined with the strength of the Uruk-hai, made the weapon quite lethal.  They also carry a broad dark iron shield, crudely painted with the symbol of Saruman: the white hand.

{urukhai_swordsman_descr_short}
The Uruk-hai, fierce armored warriors of Isengard.

¬----------------

{urukhai_swordsman2}	Uruk-hai Vanguards

{urukhai_swordsman2_descr}
The Vanguards are the frontline soldiers when laying a siege on a settlement.  The Uruk-hai are expected to siege fortified towns and cities on their task to conquer the free lands.  Even with their great number and strength, casualty is expected to be high, as an offense against high walls can be costly.  Archers and spear throwers are expected to cause the most casualties to the attackers.  Anticipating this, Saruman devised the tortoise formation.  He trained an Uruk division to march in tight formation while holding out their shields, enclosing the entire group and protecting them from missile attacks.  The Isengard strategy of conquest is a full-frontal assault through brute force and factorized weapons of war.  Saruman wishes to conquer most of Middle-earth before Sauron could realize his own grand scheme. \n\n The Vanguards are armed with the standard uniform weapon and weapon of the Isengard army, with the exception of their large and broad shield, necessary for the tortoise formation.  They are still superb fighters in melee combat, although they take a longer time to train than the others.  The Vanguards could reach walls and gatehouses in safety and with fewer casualties than the Uruk-hai without the tortoise formation.  They are also exceptional in facing enemy archers and forcing them to deplete their ammunition with little effect.

{urukhai_swordsman2_descr_short}
The Vanguards, frontline siege attackers.

¬----------------

{urukhai_spearman}	Uruk-hai Spearmen

{urukhai_spearman_descr}
Immediate to the east of Isengard is Rohan, the biggest threat to Saruman’s plot of conquest.  Even with his heavily armored and numerous Uruk-hai in his army, he knows that the powerful cavalry of Rohan has the potential to decimate his infantry with ease.  He thus commanded the production of spears and long pikes, effective weapons at fighting mounted soldiers. \n\n The spearmen’s main function is to decimate any cavalry they would encounter.  Their duty is to guard the army’s flanks, providing support to the core warriors if they were to face a large number of cavalry.  The spears are long although not as long as the pikes, but they have a similar spear tip.  The spearmen, just like the other Uruk-hai warriors of Isengard, all wear a similar uniform armor, although there are slight differences as the orc smiths are not as meticulous nor skilled in making high quality armor and weapons.  The Uruk-hai soldiers wear a thick and heavy breastplate and an iron helmet with a small opening for their vision.  The helmet is decorated with a horizontal metal plume, with different sizes and shapes, stating their rank and division in the army.

{urukhai_spearman_descr_short}
The spear armed Uruk-hai warriors, trained to fight cavalry. (shield wall formation)

¬----------------

{urukhai_xbow}	Uruk-hai Crossbowmen

{urukhai_xbow_descr}
The Uruk-hai are dexterous and intelligent enough to be trained to wield bows but Saruman lacks the time required for such training.  Isengard is focused on mass-production of soldiers and war machines with little training for complex skills.  So for long range attack and support, they devised the mechanical bow called the crossbow. \n\n The crossbow is made of wood with some metal pieces as part of the mechanism.  It fires a bolt, a shorter yet heavy arrow.  The main advantage of crossbows is the ease of use, even if it does require some strength to draw the shaft to a full pull.  The crossbow has enough power to launch a bolt and penetrate thick metal armor.  The only drawback is that it has less accuracy and distance compared to longbows as the heavy and short bolt does not fly as well as arrows.  The crossbowmen wear heavy armor, much like the rest of the army, and carry a short blade for close combat.  Their helmet is slightly different, as it is without a metal plume.  Instead it has a mouth and neck guard.  It is designed to provide protection for their neck and mouth while fighting under the walls of a fortification, which is likely to have archer defenders.

{urukhai_xbow_descr_short}
Uruk-hai soldiers armed with powerful crossbows.

¬----------------

{urukhai_berserker}	Berserkers

{urukhai_berserker_descr}
A few of the Uruk-hai created in Isengard are stronger and fiercer than the rest.  Their bloodlust is so great they care nothing, not even death nor pain, but to decimate their foe.  They fight with such fearsome fury and rage, even their Uruk-hai kin started to fear them.  The terrible rage earned them the name Berserkers and their presence causes dread the hearts of their opponents.  Their primary function is to cut a path through the enemy’s line for their comrades, like a spearhead through a piece of armor.  As they are hard to control and breed, there are usually only a few Berserkers in the Isengard army, but enough to fulfill their role in battle. \n\n The Berserkers are barely armored, wearing only metal helmet and a gauntlet on his left hand, which is used more as a secondary weapon than for protection.  Their helmet is filled with the blood of their enemies, acting like a bowl, then pressed into the head of the Berserker, which boosts his bloodlust and sends him into a furious trance state, fearing nothing and ignoring pain.  Their weapon is a giant of two-handed swords wielded with both hands and with one powerful swing, they could send many foes flying.  It is heavy and simplistic in design but provides great range and killing power.  With their appearance and terrible fury, the Berserkers are fearsome force on the battlefield.

{urukhai_berserker_descr_short}
The fearsome Uruk-hai Berserkers. Powerful and intimidating to any foe.

¬----------------

{urukhai_catapult}	Isengard Catapult

{urukhai_catapult_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThis war machine is powered by a twisted spring of animal sinew ropes, the most elastic substance available. \n\nThe throwing arm is held in tension by the sinews. When pulled back and held by a catch it can fling a boulder with considerable speed and range. This version can be used for reducing stone fortifications, but it can also be used on the battlefield for destroying enemy artillery and harassing troops (although admittedly by killing some of them outright).\n\nThe catapult can also be used to launch incendiary missiles such as fire pots, making it a versatile piece of artillery to any commander.

{urukhai_catapult_descr_short}
The catapult can launch boulders or incendiary fire pots at enemy troops and fortifications.

¬----------------

{urukhai_ballista}	Isengard Siege Crossbow

{urukhai_ballista_descr}
Hardy (crew)\n\nA siege crossbow is a sinew-powered weapon that is basically an enormous crossbow. It is best used against walls, as the giant arrows do little damage against troops.\n\n  The siege crossbow is basically a large version of their crossbow which requires a group of soldiers to operate and move around.

{urukhai_ballista_descr_short}
The enormous siege crossbow. It is best used against walls, as the stones do little damage against troops.

¬----------------

{warg}	Wargs

{warg_descr}
Wargs are a breed of large, intelligent wolves inhabiting the forests of Misty Mountain.  Their origin is clouded in mystery but some believed they might have relation with the now extinct werewolves, evil servants of the first Darklord.  Wargs have been known to start an alliance and work towards a mutual goal with the orcs of Misty Mountain.  Though their number is no longer as great it was before the Battle of The Five Armies, these beasts still roam the land, preying on the unsuspecting travelers or anyone foolish enough to enter the deep, dark forests without precautions. \n\n Saruman had long known the existence of these beasts, as Isengard is located near the Misty Mountain.  When he betrayed the free peoples and joined Sauron’s side, he immediately sought the aid of the Wargs.  Through scheming, magic or by force, he subdued the fearsome creatures and bred them in the caverns of Isengard.  Loyal and fearless orcs were put in charge of their handling and training until they became fighting machines, ready to be set loose upon those who stood in the path of conquest.\n\nThe handlers of the Wargs are armed with a scythe-like staff that looks like a hook, used to control the Wargs by jabbing it or by latching it to the beast’s restraints.  Through fear and torture, they barely manage to get the beasts under control, but enough to sic them at the enemy.

{warg_descr_short}
Wargs will tear men and horses into pieces!

¬----------------

{warg_rider}	Warg Riders

{warg_rider_descr}
The orcs of the Misty Mountain have been known to ride Wargs into battle.  However their relationship is based on an alliance of mutual benefit, not that of master and servant.  Their number have dwindled significantly after their great loss at the hands of the men of Laketown, the dwarves of Erebor, the elves of Mirkwood and a certain hobbit from the Shire at the Battle of the Five Armies. \n\n Saruman revived the Wargriders by breeding his own stock of Wargs and training orcs to ride them, as the Uruk-hai are too large and heavy to ride a Warg.  Wargs are giant wolves so even if their size is great, they were never fit to carry heavy burder.  The orcs had to wear light armor, which most are to protect themselves from the Wargs they rode on.  Their armor is made from hide, fur and bones of the Wargs, so that they would have similar scent, lessening the Warg’s hostility towards them.  The ferocity of the Wargs, even the ones bred in captivity is evident by the grotesque state of their riders.  Each rider bore terrible wounds and scars from being attacked by their own mount.  Such is the viciousness of the Wargs, that only a few riders could survive their bonding process.  The riders carry a wicked blade used to slash at the enemy as they make a fast pass or to help his Warg finish them off.  The Wargs themselves provide an advantage against horses by their presence alone.  By nature they are predators, one that is known to prey on horses such that horses developed an instinct to fear them.

{warg_rider_descr_short}
The Wargriders of Isengard, feared by horses and foot soldiers.

¬----------------

{urukhai_gguard}	Dreadguards

{urukhai_gguard_descr}
The elite fighting force of Isengard is the Dreadguards, Uruk-hai warriors chosen by Saruman himself.  These are the strongest, fiercest and most loyal of the Uruk-hai and they have the task of guarding the field general in battle. \n\n The Dreadguards wear the standard armor for Isengard’s army with the exception of their helmet.  The metal plume on their head is longer and more visible than the rest of the army, signaling their rank, making it easier for the warriors to rally by their war leader.  They carry the standard Isengard sword and a wicked shield that can also be used as a weapon.  Although their armament is standard, their fierce fighting spirit and awesome strength made them deadlier than the other warriors of Isengard.

{urukhai_gguard_descr_short}
Uruk-hai Dreadguards, elite guards of Isengard generals.

¬----------------

{urukhai_axeman}	Uruk-hai Axemen

{urukhai_axeman_descr}
Some of the Uruk-hai warriors carry a two-handed axe.  Although their primary role is field combatants, the axe they carry also functions as a tool to break down doors and barricades.  Even though the army of Isengard is well equipped with weapons and engines for attacking settlements, Saruman devised an army that could destroy and conquer as fast as possible like a swarm of locusts, moving from one settlement to the next with uncanny speed. \n\n The Uruk-hai axemen are wearing the standard uniform armor of the Isengard army.  They do not carry a shield, as they require both hands to wield their menacing large axe.  Instead they are equipped with a thick buckler on their left hand, which acts as their primary protection in close combat.  But even with these equipments at their disposal, the Uruk-hai care little for their own safety, as their instincts for survival are overtaken by their natural bloodlust.

{urukhai_axeman_descr_short}
Uruk-hai Axemen, warriors armed with a heavy two-handed axe.

¬----------------
	
{easterling_general}	Wain Guard
	
{easterling_general_descr}	
Nobles of the Easterling people ride into battle on wains. These primitive chariots provide accommodation for two people, so that one may concentrate on guiding the horses while the other can concentrate on combat. They also brandish scythed blades on the tips of the wheel axel to cut the leg out from under enemy horses and soldiers. 	
	
{easterling_general_descr_short}	
Wain Guard	
	
¬----------------	
	
{easterling_wainriders}	Wainriders
	
{easterling_wainriders_descr}	
Not only nobles, but brave and triumphant warriors are allowed the privilege of commanding a wain. The fast moving and powerful units are the key to the Easterling army, able to literally cut paths through enemy formations. 	
	
{easterling_wainriders_descr_short}	
Wainriders	
	
¬----------------	
	
{easterling_wain_archers}	Wain Archers
	
{easterling_wain_archers_descr}	
Some skilled Easterlings are able to fire arrows from the back of the wains. Although not as great a feat as firing from horseback, it still requires great skill.  With their great speed and steady aim, they are a formidable presence on the battlefield.	
	
{easterling_wain_archers_descr_short}	
Wain Archers	
	
¬----------------	
	
{easterling_light_cav}	Rhûn Steppe Cavalry
	
{easterling_light_cav_descr}	
Cavalry is the primary method of navigating the vast expanses of Rhun, and it commonly used in the armies of the Easterlings when the resources for wains are unavailable. Easterling cavalry is experienced but lightly armoured, which makes it difficult for them to stand toe-to-toe with heavier cavalry units. 	
	
{easterling_light_cav_descr_short}	
Rhûn Steppe Cavalry	
	
¬----------------	
	
{easterling_spears}	Easterling Spearmen
	
{easterling_spears_descr}	
The spearmen of the Easterlings are moderately armed but skilled and dedicated. They tend to be troops of some experience who would prefer to stand ground and maintain a defensive position rather than charge into a melee. Their idea of honour is living to fight another battle, and in turn they are regarded as valuable second-line troops.	
	
{easterling_spears_descr_short}	
Easterling Spearmen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{easterling_swords}	Easterling Swordsmen
	
{easterling_swords_descr}	
Wielding curved scimitars the Easterling swordsmen are often the first to jump into a fray. Their ranks are often comprised of impetuous or inexperienced soldiers who are eager for their chance to earn honour in battle, all in hopes that they may be awarded a wain of their own to command. 	
	
{easterling_swords_descr_short}	
Easterling Swordsmen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{easterling_archers}	Easterling Archers
	
{easterling_archers_descr}	
Archers in foot units are rare in Easterling armies, as most skilled archers earn positions aboard wains where they can be most effective. The result is that most Easterling archer units are comprised of young and inexperienced men which makes them less of an asset than archers of the west. 	
	
{easterling_archers_descr_short}	
Easterling Archers	
	
¬----------------	
	
{easterling_axemen}	Variag Axemen
	
{easterling_axemen_descr}	
The Variags are an extremely violent and ruthless people from the region of Khand. They seem to have allied themselves with the Easterlings in order to wage war on Middle-earth and claim some of that land as theirs. The Variag warriors are renowned and feared for the massive ornate axes they carry into battle. Their charges and attacks can be devastating but they often tend to lack a cohesive defence, which can work to their disadvantage.	
	
{easterling_axemen_descr_short}	
Variag Axemen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{easterling_militia}	Easterling Militia
	
{easterling_militia_descr}	
Often the people of Rhun attempt to migrate westward into the lands of Middle-earth. Many of these people are unscrupulous and they are willing to forcefully take what they can from people who are not as strong. They often form militias in order to bolster their threat. 	
	
{easterling_militia_descr_short}	
Easterling Militia	


¬****************************************************************************************
¬***** EASTERLINGS
¬****************************************************************************************

{easterling_militia}	Clansmen Raiders

{easterling_militia_descr}
Even though the Men of Rhun, known by the Men of the west as Easterlings, came from many clans, they unite whenever there’s a call from their Grand Sovereign or from the Darklord Sauron.  These men are not professional soldiers but they are all capable fighters.  The harsh climate and environment of Rhun made these people into great survivors.  Their warlike nature, nurtured throughout the ages by the Darklords, gave way to many internal conflicts for power and dominance.  The frequency of war, both large and small scale, forced the citizens of Rhun to learn the arts of combat as part of their strategy for survival. \n\n The clansmen are clad in red, their color of pride and covered from head to toe.  Their clothing is designed to withstand the hot climate of Rhun.  Rhun itself is almost a desert although some parts of it are quite rich in vegetation and oases.  Even at its worst, Rhun is not as harsh as the environment further south, the barren dunes of Harad, even if the inhabitants of these two regions share common ancestry.  The clansmen of Rhun carry a large shield, made of bronze, which makes up the bulk of their equipment’s’ weight.  They wield a scimitar, a slightly curved sword that has became the staple weapon of their culture.

{easterling_militia_descr_short}
Clansmen of Rhun, Easterlings who answered the call to arms from their lords.

¬----------------

{easterling_swordsman}	Easterling Warriors

{easterling_swordsman_descr}
The Easterling clans are ruled by the Grand Sovereign, a ruler who was chosen from all the clan leaders.  It is not as simple as it seems, as often before a Sovereign is chosen, civil war would break out as clan leaders struggle for dominance, either through elimination or subjugation.  Negotiation is ill favored and considered a sign of weakness.  It is a harsh system favored and nurtured by the Darklords. \n\n After a Grand Sovereign emerged and rallied all the clans under one banner, the fighting force of Rhun would be united and issued a formal uniform and armor.  The uniform armor is made of bronze on top of red garment, the color of their pride.  The armor is shaped and decorated like dragon’s scales, as dragons are creatures that the Easterlings have tremendous respect and fear for.  It is assumed that the first Darklord, Morgoth may have used dragons to subdue the men of Rhun long ago, as the image of the serpent is always present in their banners since.  The warriors carry a large and heavy bronze shield, and a scimitar as their main weapon.  The Easterling’s technology is nowhere near as advanced as Gondor’s and so they do not possess the skill and knowledge of tempering steel.  However, the quality of their creations is high and their prowess in combat is formidable.

{easterling_swordsman_descr_short}
Easterling Warriors, clad in bronze armor and wielding a scimitar.

¬----------------

{easterling_spearman}	Easterling Warguards

{easterling_spearman_descr}
The soldiers of the Easterlings are not professional combatants like the ones in Gondor.  Instead they are men of status, usually land or property owners, who are duty-bound to serve their lords in war.  Even though they paid for their equipment themselves, they are issued from the same forges and smiths to give them a uniform look.  Their motivation lies in their pride in their culture and their hatred for the Men of the west, especially the descendants of Númenor, the great kingdom who once subjugated their realm.  The Darklord also promised them great riches and divine favors if they helped him in conquering Middle-earth. \n\n The Easterlings in general prefer to wield the scimitar, a weapon they are very familiar with.  But centuries of warfare had evolved their tactic into employing a weapon with a longer reach: the Rhunic poleaxe.  The Rhunic poleaxe is a cross between a spear and an axe.  The Easterling soldiers would wield it like a spear or an axe, depending on the situation.  The Rhunic poleaxe is an evolution in their war strategy after encountering and facing many defeats at the hands of Gondorian soldiers, who employ spears to keep their foes at a distance.  A disadvantage of the Easterling army is that their soldiers were barely trained to fight in large-scale warfare, as most of their regional conflicts involve small clans.  Most warriors are trained to fight individually and not as an army.  The poleaxe is a compromise between the need for an organized spearmen group and their training of individual combat.

{easterling_spearman_descr_short}
The backbone of the Easterling army, wielding a Rhunic halbert. (shield wall formation)

¬----------------

{easterling_poleaxe}	Easterling Warblades

{easterling_poleaxe_descr}
The Easterling Warblades is the offensive division of their army.  They provide secondary support for the Warriors and Warguards with their stronger weapon and offensive ability.  Often they would receive higher kill counts than the other divisions because of their ferocity and skill. This division consists of veteran warriors of the Easterlings, warriors who had proven their skill and worth in numerous battles.  Although they are clad in the same uniform armor, they do not carry a shield like the others and would leave the defensive maneuvers to them. \n\n The Warblades carry a Rhunic poleaxe with shorter handle that they wield with both hands.  Unlike the Warguards who use their poleaxe mainly like a spear, the Warblades more often use theirs like an axe.  The shorter handle is for generating faster swings and because the axe is heavier than the one on the long Rhunic poleaxe.  With fast slashing downswing and quick jabs, the Slayers could decimate a large number of enemies in a short period.

{easterling_poleaxe_descr_short}
The Warblades, armed with a short Rhunic poleaxe.

¬----------------

{easterling_cavalry}	Crimson Riders

{easterling_cavalry_descr}
The Easterling army consists mostly of infantry as horses are quite few in the plains of Rhun.  Also the land lacks large areas of grassland to support herds of horses.  The horses they have are mostly received from trading with the Variags, the people who live on the plains of Khand to the east of Rhun.  Only the wealthiest of clans could afford cavalry and as such the men trained to be mounted warriors are often of noble lineage. \n\n The horse riders of Rhun are highly respected by the people of Rhun.  The speed of their horses and the armor and garment they wear gave the appearance of a dragon flying over the plains.  The riders even altered their helmet’s decorative bronze horns to mimic the appearance of a dragon in flight.  They carry a Rhunic halbert with a shorter handle, a weapon proven to be quite effective when used on horseback.

{easterling_cavalry_descr_short}
Horse riders of Rhun, the eastern lands. Hardy and deadly.

¬----------------

{easterling_archer}	Easterling Warbows

{easterling_archer_descr}
Archery is considered a noble skill to the people of Rhun.  Although wildlife is not plentiful in their lands the use of bows and arrows are a valuable addition to an army.  Unlike the people of Rohan who learned the use of their bows from hunting, the Easterlings use their bows mainly for war and in this regard they are closer to the professional archers of Gondor.  These archers are no mere Easterling clansmen with a bow.  They are elite warriors who mastered the art of archery. \n\n The recurved bows of the Easterlings are designed to provide power over accuracy or range.  They are more concerned with the ability of the arrow to pierce through armor than its distance.  In short, the bows are used as a killing tool of medium range, before the real battle start, and not a weapon exclusively used from afar.  The arrows they use are decorated with red feathers from the wild birds of Rhun’s scattered forests.  The archers themselves wear the uniform armor of their pride as they also came from noble houses of considerable wealth.  They are also skilled melee combatants armed with a Rhunic scimitar.

{easterling_archer_descr_short}
The Easterling Warbows, good power although short in range, more eager to fight at close range.

¬----------------

{easterling_archer2}	Clansmen Archers

{easterling_archer2_descr}
Many of the Easterlings are taught how to use a bow very early in their lives.  Even if war may not be the proper trade of most of the clans, the clansmen of Rhun are wary of attack from bandits or rival clans at any given time.  To attack from a distance is too much of an advantage to ignore, especially when defending from a fixed position.  But even if the origin of the bowmen lies in defense, many clans employ them as an offensive force.  The bows they use may not be the best in the world, but they get the job done. \n\n The bowmen of Rhun are clad in their daily clothing, simple red hued garment that covered virtually all of their body.  The origin of this cultural style is not clear.  Some scholar speculated that the origin if from Harad, whom the Easterlings share common ancestors with.  The region of Rhun is not as dusty and dry like Harad, where a face cover is a necessity of survival.  But others theorized that their style came from the Darklord’s servants, who came to them all clad and covered, as they may not be man-like in appearance.  Whichever the case, the Easterlings have such an enormous hate of the people of the west that they would ally themselves with foul beings such as orcs.

{easterling_archer2_descr_short}
Bowmen of Rhun, clansmen armed with a bow and simple dagger.

¬----------------

{easterling_reddragon}	Red Dragons

{easterling_reddragon_descr}
The Red Dragons are fierce warriors from the lands of southern Rhun.  They are a nomadic tribe who lives from raiding and plundering villages and towns or from offering their swords to the highest bidder.  They thrive and gain much popularity during the times of civil war and unrest.  However, Rhun is currently united under one banner and the Grand Sovereign has started a campaign to invade the west.  The Red Dragons’s reputation as great combatants made them a good choice for enlistment in the Easterling army.  The Dragons themselves do not care whom they have to fight, just as long as they get good a payment from it. \n\n The Red Dragons received their name from their ferocity in battle and their red dyed armor.  Their armor is also made of bronze although it is lighter and less sturdy than the armor uniform of the Easterling army.  It is because they prefer to have less restriction in their movements, as required by their two handed fighting style.  They wield two scimitars, a unique trait in their small culture.  The warriors of the Red Dragons are trained and chosen since childhood, as only the strong males are recruited into their warrior caste and the weak ones are made into workers or slaves.  Their training is infamous for being deadly and incredible tough, that only the strongest would live through it.  The ones who went through hard training and reached adulthood became the strongest of fighters, merciless and highly skilled in combat.  The Red Dragons are famous for their speed and killing prowess.  They move so fast, many called them the red whirlwind of death.

{easterling_reddragon_descr_short}
The Red Dragons, fierce warriors from southern Rhun.

¬----------------

{wainrider}	Wainriders

{wainrider_descr}
Many years ago the Wainriders, a clan of northern Easterlings who are known to use chariots in battle, united Rhun and their leader became Grand Sovereign.  Then he launched a great invasion to the west, which nearly broke through Gondor’s defenses.  In the end, the Easterling army was obliterated and their leader slain. After the decisive defeat, the Wainriders dwindled in number and lost their seat of power.  But the Easterlings still remember the strength of their war chariots.  Now that Rhun is re-united, the Wainriders are called forth by the Grand Sovereign to serve the Easterling army for a definitive campaign to conquer the west. \n\n The “wains”, or war chariots, of the Wainriders are strong in construction, made of sturdy wood and bronze plates.  Large and menacing blades are strapped on the wheels and the sides of the chariot, capable of slicing a man in half when the chariot is at full speed.  The chariot is pulled by two strong horses, also strapped with large blades, as an attempt to deter the enemy from attacking the horse.  With their speed and mass, the Wainriders can charge through and break an army’s formation easily.  Unfortunately, their main weakness of vulnerability to long spears, is quite well known to the army of Gondor ever since their exposure to them years before.  The impact of the war chariots may not be as great as when they first invade the west, but their strength on the battlefield is still formidable.

{wainrider_descr_short}
The Wainriders, riding their deadly bladed war chariots.

¬----------------

{wainarcher}	Wainarchers

{wainarcher_descr}
With the dwindling number of their clansmen, the Wainriders are no longer as bold as they once were to charge into battle.  The chariots’ weakness to long spears is known to the common world ever since the Wainriders’ decisive defeat by the Gondorian army.  Over the years they have devised the strategy of using bows from their chariots, a tactic that is proven effective and had allowed them to survive until today. \n\n The Wainarchers, as these bowmen on a chariot is known, use a smaller chariot.  The chariot is lighter and less armored as the construction cost of heavy war chariots in large numbers is no longer economically viable for a small clan.  They also require more mobility and steering than the heavy war chariot, as the archers are well aware they need to stay away from direct combat as much as possible.

{wainarcher_descr_short}
The Wainarchers, bowmen on a war chariot.

¬----------------

{easterling_catapult}	Easterling Catapult

{easterling_catapult_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThis war machine is powered by a twisted spring of animal sinew ropes, the most elastic substance available. \n\nThe throwing arm is held in tension by the sinews. When pulled back and held by a catch it can fling a boulder with considerable speed and range. This version can be used for reducing stone fortifications, but it can also be used on the battlefield for destroying enemy artillery and harassing troops (although admittedly by killing some of them outright).\n\nThe catapult can also be used to launch incendiary missiles such as fire pots, making it a versatile piece of artillery to any commander.

{easterling_catapult_descr_short}
The catapult can launch boulders or incendiary fire pots at enemy troops and fortifications.

¬----------------

{easterling_scout}	Easterling Scout Cavalry

{easterling_scout_descr}
Not all the horses the Easterlings have in their army is combat worthy.  The horses, most of which came from the steppes of Khand, are of burden animal lineage.  They are not the mighty mearas of Rohan, who are willing to charge into an advancing army.  However, these horses are strong in stamina as they are bred to travel long distances with little rest. \n\n The scouts’ main duty is to watch over enemy movements.  But even in battle they could hold their own weight as they are armed with throwing spears.  They are lightly armored as they wish to burden their horse as little as possible.  So they are not quite equipped to do battle in close combat as neither their horse nor rider would last long.

{easterling_scout_descr_short}
Scouts of the Easterlings, armed with throwing spears.

	
¬----------------	
	
{harad_general}	Red Serpent Guard
	
{harad_general_descr}	
Harad is a desolate and inhospitable land, comprised of a patchwork of petty kingdoms, yet the people there manage to sustain an existence; albeit aided by plundering trade goods from the coasts of Gondor, with whom the Haradrim are constantly at war. If at any time the in history the Haradrim were dishonourable or cowardly in battle, it has not been documented, and the Red Serpent Guard exemplifies this notion for they are the most elite warriors that Harad can muster, and typically make up the bodyguards of their nobles.	
	
{harad_general_descr_short}	
Red Serpent Guard	
	
¬----------------	
	
{harad_light_cav}	Haradrim Cavalry
	
{harad_light_cav_descr}	
For many ages horsemen have traversed the 'sea of sand' that dominates Harad. The people of this land are the traditional enemies of Gondor, and have learned through bloody lessons that speed on the battlefield is their greatest asset. Many of Harad's cavalry were once brigands or raiders, and now serve a primary role in reconnaissance and outflanking enemy foot soldiers.	
	
{harad_light_cav_descr_short}	
Fast javellin cavalry	
	
¬----------------	
	
{harad_oliphants}	Mûmakil
	
{harad_oliphants_descr}	
The far lands of the Haradwaith are filled with many wonders.  Perhaps none more amazing than the giant mûmakil.  Enormous primitive creatures, they are taller than a city wall and are armed with a thick hide and two massive tusks - tipped in bronze by the Haradrim, who have managed to tame these great beasts and ride them into battle.  In gondolas on the backs of the creatures they ride, and as the beasts trample and crush the enemy underfoot they launch deadly arrows from atop. There is possibly no worse or more terrifying prospect in Middle-earth than to have to battle with one of these creatures. 	
	
{harad_oliphants_descr_short}	
Mûmakil! Massive armored beasts with archer platforms
	
¬----------------	
	
{harad_corsairs}	Corsairs of Umbar
	
{harad_corsairs_descr}	
The Corsairs of Umbar. Armed with a one handed battle-axe, mail armor and a sturdy shield they can be found fighting alongside the tribal armies of Harad and serve as tough frontline infantry. The Haradrim armies lack armor and the Corsairs are happy to oblige this shortfall in return for tidy sums of money. Well known for their ferocity in battle the Corsairs can put fear into many enemies simply through their presence on the battlefield.
	
{harad_corsairs_descr_short}	
The Corsairs, mail armored ruthless pirates, tough axe-men.	
	
¬----------------	
	
{harad_spears}	Haradrim Spearmen
	
{harad_spears_descr}	
The Haradrim rely primarily on speed and concentrated offensive power to quickly outflank and defeat their enemies. Fighting mounted opponents however requires a slightly more defensive posture, as the Southrons learned in 1050 TA when they suffered a series of defeats and were conquered by Gondor’s King Hyarmendacil I. Since then, no Haradrim host has been mustered without a regiment of spearmen.	
	
{harad_spears_descr_short}	
Haradrim Spearmen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{harad_swords}	Haradrim Swordsmen
	
{harad_swords_descr}	
These footmen make up the bulk of the Haradrim hosts when the time for large wars arrives. They have marched to war with Gondor many times, sometimes in the service of the Eye, but always in their hatred of Dunedain of Gondor. The Southrons are no strangers to war, and they have long battled against each other for dominance as well as to free their lands from Gondorian occupation and to attack Gondor’s kingdom. These infantry make dependable fighting units.	
	
{harad_swords_descr_short}	
Haradrim Swordsmen	
	
¬----------------	
	
{harad_archers}	Haradrim Archers
	
{harad_archers_descr}	
The Haradrim archer is a critical part of any Southron army. Archers have proven their worth time and again in the defence of Umbar and in the tactics of desert warfare. These units are comprised of men who are as self-sufficient in the desert as the Dunedain Rangers of the north. They carry swords for close quarters combat in addition to their bows.	
	
{harad_archers_descr_short}	
Haradrim Archers	
	
¬----------------	
	
{harad_southrons}	Southron Warriors
	
{harad_southrons_descr}	
These tribal warriors from Far Harad have little formal military training - they need none. Their entire lives are spent in constant conflict over land, slaves, food and resources. Large and fierce in appearance, they are often mistaken for 'half-trolls', a misconception that their battlefield prowess only reinforces. They were first mustered in the year 1944 TA to war against the kingdom of Gondor, and although Harad was unsuccessful in its battle they have remained a constant element in Haradrim armies since.	
	
{harad_southrons_descr_short}	
Southron Warriors	
	
¬----------------	
	
{harad_militia}	Haradrim Militia
	
{harad_militia_descr}	
When threatened by outside attack, or when an army may be in need of bolstering to fight the petty battles between their city states, the common folk of Harad will often rise up in militias. While not professionally trained, they will make do with whatever weapon is at their disposal and lend their arm to the battle, often hoping to turn the tide through force of will.	
	
{harad_militia_descr_short}	
Haradrim Militia	

¬****************************************************************************************
¬***** SOUTHRONS
¬****************************************************************************************

{haradrim_spearman2}	Haradrim Tribesmen

{haradrim_spearman2_descr}
With little water and fertile lands in Harad, the inhabitants coped with conserving every little yet precious resources they have.  The harsh environment also transformed them into survivors with a culture for efficiency.  Yet the influences of the Darklords since the ancient age made the Haradrim into a warlike, hateful society.  They make war on everyone, including their own kin, either because of territory or spite.  The nomadic tribes of Harad are scattered all over the vast desert.  Uniting them would be an impossible task such that only a call from the Darklord, their deity, could bring them together for a common cause. \n\n The tribesmen of Harad are just like other inhabitants of the vast desert.  They are people that belong to certain tribes, armed and armored themselves for battle.  The most common weapon is a spear, with the long shaft made from a combination of wood, leather strips and tarombus.  Tarombus is a type of plant that grows only in southern Harad that requires very little water to survive.  It has the shape like a tube and long with varying sizes: from as small as a finger to as large as man’s arm.  When dried properly, the plant will become very tough and hard to break.  The Haradrim use this plant for their tools and armaments.  Since they do not have the technology or resources to produce metal tools, they use sharpened pieces of bones as weapons.  The bones of a single gigantic mumak beast could provide the materials for many essential things in a Haradrim tribe’s life.

{haradrim_spearman2_descr_short}
The wicked men of Harad.  Fast moving, armed with a deadly spear but weak armor. (spear wall formation)

¬----------------

{haradrim_spearman}	Haradrim Warband

{haradrim_spearman_descr}
The barren and harsh landscape of Harad forced its inhabitants to live the life of nomads.  Tribes were established, each trying to find and hold what little water sources they have in their arid lands.  Because of the scarce resources, the people of Harad, the Haradrim, became warlike, vicious and petty, and distrustful of outsiders.  The first Darklord swayed them to serve him as he promised them the ultimate prize: the lush green lands western Middle-earth. \n\n The Haradrim, known as the Southrons by Men of the west, are formed from many tribes, each with their own unique flair.  Their clothing are all quite similar, as dictated by the limited types of resources they have access to. First and foremost, metal is practically non-existent and the environment of Harad is too harsh for a mining operation.  Their armor and weapons are made from tarombus, the strong plants found at the scattered dry forests of southern Harad and from animal bones.  What little metal they possess usually came from trading with the Easterlings of Rhun, who live far north of Harad.  Thus the typical tribal warrior is clad in armor made of wicker, leather strips and bones sewn together.  They also carry a small shield made of dried tough tarombus of a larger variety.  Normally the warriors of Harad do not carry shields but they make an exception for long military campaigns.  Their primary weapon is a spear with sharpened bones as its tip.

{haradrim_spearman_descr_short}
The warriors of Harad, light armored, armed with a spear and simple shield.

¬----------------

{haradrim_swordsman}	Desert Swordsmen

{haradrim_swordsman_descr}
The Haradrim wear clothing to cover almost all of their body, in an attempt to escape the cruel heat of the sun.  The temperature in Harad during the day is almost unbearable to the normal man.  Yet they managed to adapt to this harsh land of extreme heat and little water. \n\n The warriors of Harad are seasoned fighters.  They are the core fighting force in a tribe and usually consist of male tribesmen who had experienced some battlefield confrontations.  Although the tribes do not have a professional army, all of their men are required to take up arms when the battle horn is sounded. \n\n The warriors of Harad generally carry a sword made of dried tarombus and sharpened bones.  It is light and sturdy as they have perfected the technique of using the materials over the course of millennia.  The swords are sharp and strong enough to pierce armor, if the person wielding it has enough strength.  The warriors wear an armor with little metal, as it is a precious and very rare commodity.  Even if the material were plentiful, the Haradrim would prefer not to wear it, as it would have been too hot for them and the weight would have been too much to bear during the long trek on the dunes of Harad.  Instead they opted to carry a small parrying blade, made of similar materials with their sword, as their chief protection.

{haradrim_swordsman_descr_short}
The proud warriors of Harad, armed with a sharp bone sword and parrying blade.

¬----------------

{haradrim_archer}	Haradrim Bowmen

{haradrim_archer_descr}
The Haradrim are competent archers, as they are trained early in age to be hunters.  There are very little farmlands in the dry deserts of Harad such that farming and herding are rare.  What few animals manage to adapt and survive in the harsh climate prove to be hard to hunt and most of them are wild predators. \n\n The archers wear little armor, as they prefer the lightest their simple armory could produce.  Archers are more often required to actively evade the enemy while harassing them from afar and thus they need to be as light as possible.  The bows of the Haradrim are made from the stalks of a unique type of plant that grows around the oasis of Harad.  Even though they make decent bows, the shaft is not strong enough to give the arrow a good distance of flight.  The bowmen also carry a small dagger to use when they run out of arrows or if they must enter melee combat.  However, due to their light armor and weaponry, they wouldn’t last long in a frontal encounter without support from better-armed infantry.

{haradrim_archer_descr_short}
Bowmen of Harad, lightweight and fast moving, trained in the hard climate of the desert.

¬----------------

{haradrim_fanatic}	Haradrim Fanatics

{haradrim_fanatic_descr}
Years of defeat at the hands of the Gondorians have frustrated Southron leaders.  Their primary cause of defeat is often their lack of armaments.  The warriors of Harad, no matter how skilled, cannot stand up man per man against the well-equipped soldiers of Gondor.  The availability of materials to produce weapons capable of defeating the Gondorians is crucial in their struggle to reach the fertile lands of western Middle-earth.  But it is impossible for the tribes of Harad to produce such an expense on armory when daily living has already strained their resources.  Instead the tribe leaders chose to train and produce better warriors to compensate their lack of technology. \n\n The fanatical warriors of the Haradrim are elite fighters who had forsaken their lives, trading it for the death of their enemies.  They are zealots who are determined to take down as many enemies no matter the cost.  They are armed with a large stick, made of tarombus and wood, strapped with great sharp spikes of strong bones.  With one swing, this odd spiked staff is very lethal and capable of piercing through metal armor.  The trade-of is severe, however, as often the spikes would get stuck in the enemy’s body and armor and made it difficult to pull out.  However, the fanatics do not care for this drawback, as they just want to damage the enemy as much as possible.

{haradrim_fanatic_descr_short}
The ferocious Fanatics, wielding a deadly spiked staff.

¬----------------

{haradrim_javelin}	Haradrim Scouts

{haradrim_javelin_descr}
The Scouts are part of the advance war party of the Southron army.  Their duty is to secretly gauge the enemy’s strength and cause disarray with their throwing spears. They are well trained in using throwing spears and have good stamina, as it is often required of them to travel great distances or fight on the run.  The spears they use are of decent quality even if their choice of materials is limited.  Often they are made of tarombus, a type of unique plant which is sturdy and could be sharpened but lacks the weight to make a throwing spear deadly, they attached a sharpened bone to the shaft to add weight.
{haradrim_javelin_descr_short}
Harad scouts, fast moving and experts at ambush and hit and run attacks.

¬----------------

{haradrim_stalker}	Stalkers of Harad

{haradrim_stalker_descr}
There is a secret sect of Southrons who are only talked about in whispers. Their real name is spoken in whispers and the identities of its members are unknown to all.  These are the men of shadows, the Ghost Stalkers, commonly labeled as assassins and murderers, they can strike fear into an enemy before they are even seen. The Stalkers are trained in the arts of ambush and assassination.  Their fighting style is unusual, as they are masters of fighting with their fists and grapples. These skillful killers are often hired to kill political or business rivals, as they are often employed by the wealthy and powerful.  At times of war, the Stalkers are often recruited to be the support for the army, as they are well versed at ambush attacks, springing traps that could devastate an army more numerous than themselves.  The Stalkers carry two daggers that are unique in shape and design and used like an extension of their fists, which was made deadlier due to their extensive hand-to-hand combat skills.  The daggers, when used with enough force and precision, can penetrate even metal armor.

{haradrim_stalker_descr_short}
Elite assassins of Harad, excellent melee with ability to hide anywhere.

¬----------------

{haradrim_axeman}	Desert Scorpions

{haradrim_axeman_descr}
Harad is a vast desert with little resources for survival.  The nomadic tribes had to move from one oasis to the next, following the rain patterns.  Control over an oasis is vital for the survival of a tribe.  The Men of Harad are known to be merciless even to their kin and battles would often break out in competition of territory.  The harsh environment and way of living have stunted Harad’s population.  Tribes often isolate themselves from others to minimize the chance for conflict.  Many tribes even developed their own sub-culture, different from the others. \n\n A tribe of Harad is known for its unique weapon and fighting style.  They carry a weapon that is similar to a pickaxe, with a medium length handle and three claw-like spikes at its tip.  They would use it in a downward swing, aiming for the enemy’s head or torso.  Using the force of a strong arm and the pull of gravity, they could cause a good deal of damage to the unsuspecting opponent.  For their primary protection, they carry a buckler made of dried tarombus strapped to their left forearm.  The protected arm and the swift downswing attacks have earned them the nickname “sand scorpions”.

{haradrim_axeman_descr_short}
Desert Scorpions, armed with a unique and deadly pick-axe.

¬----------------

{haradrim_cavalry}	Riders of Harad

{haradrim_cavalry_descr}
The Southrons imported their horses mainly from Rhun.  The dry climate and sand dunes of Harad are not suitable habitat for horses so only the wealthier tribes could afford raising them.  Horses are prized more than gold, as a tribe that has the most horse is the fastest to move and find water in the scattered oasis. \n\n The riders of Harad are mostly of noble descent or men of status.  Although they are not adept at direct melee engagements due to their limited armaments, the speed of their mount is still a force to be reckoned with.  They carry throwing spears of good quality, even if the spear tips are made of sharpened bones.  Their armor is quite elaborately decorated although they offer no more protection than the regular wicker and bone armor worn by Haradrim warriors.  Metal and heavy materials are too much of a burden for both the rider and his mount in the hot climate of the desert.

{haradrim_cavalry_descr_short}
Fast moving javelin throwing cavalry.

¬----------------

{mumakil}	Mumakil

{mumakil_descr}
In the jungles of Farharad, there live gigantic mythical beasts called the mumak, also known as the oliphaunt to the common folk.  No one knows the origin of these fantastical creatures as no record existed in Harad of the first time the men of the south encountered them.  For unknown reasons, their existence had been kept secret from the peoples of Middle-earth before the Third Age. \n\n The mumak is an enormous creature with a long snout that can be used almost like a hand to pick things up.  The size of the creature, fully grown, defies common sense.  It stood somewhere around seven to ten times the height of Men, easily dwarfing common houses.  It is so heavy, it caused the ground to shake with each footstep.  The Men of the West are still puzzled by the methods used by the Haradrim to tame these fearsome beasts, as they are not docile by nature.  Most of the tribes of Harad own at least one mumak in their camp as a creature of burden as well as of war.  Maintaining such a monster of a creature cannot be an easy, or cheap, task.  But not owning one would mean certain defeat at the hands of rival tribes as very few could stand up against the might of the mumakil. \n\n Even though the mumak is for the most part not carnivorous, they have been known to devour people and animals but many claimed it is a mistake on the creature’s part.  Its diet is mostly various plants and leaves, or even an entire tree, in great quantities.  Mumakil, the plural word in the tongue of the Haradrim, are not social creatures.  They do not travel in packs and are for the most part very territorial, likely caused by the limited food resources of the area.  A fully-grown mumak would have six tusks, four small and medium sized ones and two extremely large ones, of which is used as its primary weapon.  The gigantic tusks are so enormous, the Haradrim used the ones they scavenged off dead mumaks as pillars for their large huts. \n\n In times of war, the mumakil are strapped with a houda, a simple fortress made of wood and leather cloth, on its back.  The houda can house a dozen archers, well protected inside as the dried leather cloth is hard to penetrate with arrows, and the mumak would serve as a walking impenetrable fortress.  The Haradrim also trained their mumaks to sway their heads when attacking soldiers on the ground, causing a sweeping motion that would wipe out the enemy with their massive tusks.  Regular weapons can barely harm the thick skin of the creature and no land bound soldier can reach the fortress on its back.  The mumakil are a terrible force to be unleashed on the battlefield.  It would take a massive effort to bring the beasts down.

{mumakil_descr_short}
The dreaded monstrous beast, the oliphaunt, with Haradrim archers housing the fortress on their back.

¬----------------

{haradrim_cavalryg}	Guards of Harad 

{haradrim_cavalryg_descr}
The riders of Harad guards serve as a bodyguard for the Haradrim Chiefs. They have been selected from the regular cavalry and then trained in close combat, charging and are capable medium cavalry. They are armed with the southron short double edged sword and carry a few throwing spears to soften up potential targets for the charge. Also, their armor offers more protection than the regular wicker and bone armor due to the addition of several layers of dried leather under the bone cuirass.

{haradrim_cavalryg_descr_short}
Fast moving medium cavalry.
	
¬----------------	
	
{gundabad_general}	Great Goblin Guard
	
{gundabad_general_descr}	
Although the terms goblin and orc are often used interchangeably, typically 'goblin' refers to the smaller breeds of orcs common to the Misty Mountains.  It is somewhat of a misnomer therefore to describe these giant orcs as goblins, as their breed is more akin to the uruks of Mordor.  Large and brutal, their prowess and the giant wargs they ride make them truly fearsome.	
	
{gundabad_general_descr_short}	
Great Goblin Guard	
	
¬----------------	
	
{gundabad_warg_riders}	Warg Riders
	
{gundabad_warg_riders_descr}	
The warg is a large, brutish, evil wolf. It has been "domesticated" by orcs who use it as a mount. It is effective against nearly any enemy, and will fight as skilfully as its rider, if not more so. When wargs are unleashed against a cavalry formation, they run between the horses and snap at the horses' bellies.	
	
{gundabad_warg_riders_descr_short}	
Warg Riders	
	
¬----------------	
	
{gundabad_orc_swords}	Gundabad Orc Swords
	
{gundabad_orc_swords_descr}	
Tough mountain Orcs. Despite being the ancestral home of the dwarves, Mount Gundabad has long been a stronghold of the orcs in northern Middle-earth. The population of orcs and goblins there has only recently recovered from the War of the Dwarves and Orcs, but now once again the evil from that place spills out to terrorise the surrounding countryside of the Misty Mountains. Sword wielding orcs are the foremost of these invaders, but little stems their onslaught now that the neighbouring dwarves and elves dwindle in numbers.    	
	
{gundabad_orc_swords_descr_short}	
Tough sword wielding Orcs from Mount Gundabad.	
	
¬----------------	
	
{gundabad_orc_spears}	Orc Spears of the Misty Mountains
	
{gundabad_orc_spears_descr}	
The armies that are forming in the Misty Mountains have many complements of armored Orcs with spears, so as to provide an effective defensive line against both infantry and cavalry should someone be foolish enough to oppose them. 	
	
{gundabad_orc_spears_descr_short}	
Orc Spears of the Misty Mountains, armored defense troops.	
	
¬----------------	
	
{gundabad_orc_archers}	Orc Archers of the Misty Mountains
	
{gundabad_orc_archers_descr}	
Though not as numerous as the smaller Gremlins who frequently fight along side them, these Orc archers are better built to take punishment and more able to use their bows effectively. The hail of arrows they can bring to bear are sure enough to whittle an opponent down through sheer attrition. 	
	
{gundabad_orc_archers_descr_short}	
Orc Archers, mid-range support for infantry
	
¬----------------	
	
{gundabad_goblins}	Goblin archers
	
{gundabad_goblins_descr}	
 After the breaking of Thangorodrim, the creatures of Morgoth were scattered and began to diverge into different breeds. One of the breeds most commonly found in and around the Misty Mountains are the Goblins.  They tend to be smaller and weaker than the common breeds but are as vicious as any. They are unarmored except for metal arm guards which they can use, being so small, they to shield themselves from enemy fire. Although not of great strength and skill, in great numbers they have the potential to overwhelm any foe with their arrows.
	
{gundabad_goblins_descr_short}	
Goblin archers are a small but vicious of Orc that use crude short-range bows to overwhelm. 
	
¬----------------	
	
{mordor_general}	Lugburz Guard
	
{mordor_general_descr}	
Lugburz is the name given by orcs and other fell creatures to the dark and ancient fortress of their master. The Lugburz Guard is a selection of the most vicious and terrible orcs that serve as protectors of the tower and personal guard to orc chiefs and commanders. They ride into battle on wargs, swinging jagged, rusted black blades with great rage and mighty sinews.	
	
{mordor_general_descr_short}	
Lugburz Guard	
	
¬----------------	
	
{mordor_trolls}	Olog-hai
	
{mordor_trolls_descr}	
The name given by Sauron's servants to the race of superior trolls. More cunning and fierce than regular trolls they can endure the rays of the sun. So marked are the differences between the olog-hai and others of their ilk that enemies commonly hold them to be not trolls, but huge orcs!	
	
{mordor_trolls_descr_short}	
Olog-hai	
	
¬----------------	
	
{mordor_uruk_swords}	Uruk-hai Swords
	
{mordor_uruk_swords_descr}	
Uruks are large, black orcs. They are much meaner, nastier, and fiercer than the standard orc; as such, they are also much more potent on the battlefield. They are often found as leaders of bands of other orcs, but here they are formed into a unit themselves. They are the heavy infantry of Mordor.	
	
{mordor_uruk_swords_descr_short}	
Uruk-hai Swords	
	
¬----------------	
	
{mordor_uruk_spears}	Uruk-hai Spears
	
{mordor_uruk_spears_descr}	
The uruk-hai is a far superior breed, with greater strength, endurance and an altogether higher level of intelligence. For these reasons they are to be greatly feared, especially when heavily armoured and organized into deadly ranks. The spear-wielding uruks of Mordor serve as a foundation for the defensive lines or regular orcs. 	
	
{mordor_uruk_spears_descr_short}	
Uruk-hai Spears	
	
¬----------------	
	
{mordor_orc_swords}	Orc Swords of the Red Eye
	
{mordor_orc_swords_descr}	
Orcs are brutish, nasty creatures with dirty green skin that almost resembles scales. It is said that orcs were created by a great evil from captured elves, and that to this day their existence mocks that great race. Recently, the orcs of Mordor have been spawning in ever greater numbers, threatening the lands of men. 	
	
{mordor_orc_swords_descr_short}	
Orc Swords of the Red Eye	
	
¬----------------	
	
{mordor_orc_spears}	Orc Spears of the Red Eye
	
{mordor_orc_spears_descr}	
Sauron equips a large number of his orc warriors with spears, making them more effective against cavalry. Though orcs may not be particularly great warriors individually, their great strength lies in the huge numbers in which they come. Even the sturdiest cavalry of the West will falter when surrounded on all sides by orc spears. 	
	
{mordor_orc_spears_descr_short}	
Orc Spears of the Red Eye	
	
¬----------------	
	
{mordor_orc_archers}	Orc Archers of the Red Eye
	
{mordor_orc_archers_descr}	
Although the bows made by orcs are crude compared to those of men, they still are effective on the battlefield for one reason: numbers. Often hundreds or thousands of orc archers will accompany an army from Mordor, and their black-feathered shafts will darken the sky with their numbers.	
	
{mordor_orc_archers_descr_short}	
Orc Archers of the Red Eye	
	
¬----------------	
	
{mordor_orc_swords_morgul}	Orc Swords of Morgul
	
{mordor_orc_swords_morgul_descr}	
Minas Morgul, the Tower of Sorcery, was once a great Gondorian city, only to be taken and twisted by the Nazgul. The orcs that pour forth from its foul gates mock the achievements of the men of the West by their very existence, and have long been a menace to the realm of Gondor. 	
	
{mordor_orc_swords_morgul_descr_short}	
Orc Swords of Morgul	
	
¬----------------	
	
{mordor_orc_spears_morgul}	Orc Spears of Morgul
	
{mordor_orc_spears_morgul_descr}	
The Witchking of Angmar, chief of the Nazgul, has armed many of his orcs with spears, realising that they will fight better against the cavalry of the West, for which he has no true heavy cavalry to answer. Any army marching out of Minas Morgul, thus, will have a sea of spear-points poking out above it. 	
	
{mordor_orc_spears_morgul_descr_short}	
Orc Spears of Morgul	
	
¬----------------	
	
{mordor_orc_archers_morgul}	Orc Archers of Morgul
	
{mordor_orc_archers_morgul_descr}	
Due to their close proximity to human lands, the orcs of Morgul tend to be more ferocious and  aggressive than other orcs. The archers of Morgul, often utilising quality bows stolen during pillaging raids, are slightly advantaged in their long range attacks, and in hand to hand combat they are no paltry foe. 	
	
{mordor_orc_archers_morgul_descr_short}	
Orc Archers of Morgul	
	
¬----------------	
	
{mordor_snaga}	Snaga Conscripts
	
{mordor_snaga_descr}	
'Snaga' is the word for slave in the orc-language. The snaga are the smallest, weakest of all the orc broods, constantly bullied and even eaten by larger orcs. They are weak and cowardly on the battlefield, and they serve as skirmishers for Mordor armies, wielding sword and bow. Their single strength is in numbers.	
	
{mordor_snaga_descr_short}	
Snaga Conscripts	
	
¬----------------	
	
{mordor_warg_riders}	Warg Riders
	
{mordor_warg_riders_descr}	
The warg is a large, brutish, evil wolf. It has been "domesticated" by orcs who use it as a mount. It is effective against nearly any enemy, and will fight as skilfully as its rider, if not more so. When wargs are unleashed against a cavalry formation, they run between the horses and snap at the horses' bellies.	
	
{mordor_warg_riders_descr_short}	
Warg Riders	
	
¬----------------	

¬****************************************************************************************
¬***** MORDOR
¬****************************************************************************************


¬----------------

{orc_pitguard}	Pit Guards

{orc_pitguard_descr}
Orcs do not like battles where they are losing.  Cowardly and filthy creatures that they are, they’d prefer to launch sneak attacks rather than an open battle.  Even if they do love to kill and destroy, they very much despise it when they are at the receiving end.  Sometimes in battle you have to continue fighting even when things are looking grim, as it is possible to turn the tide when you persevere.  Orcs have none of the virtues of valor.  The Darklord realized this and appointed the more dominant orcs to be the “motivators” of his army.  They are called the Pit Guards as they are in charge of the orc pits.  Their job description is closer to that of a slave master, as a Pit Guard’s main function is to intimidate and terrorize the orcs into fighting and keep moving forward. \n\n The Pit Guards wield a short spear and a whip.  They receive their name from their duty of watching over the orc pits, an equivalent of living quarters.  They watch over the orcs and made sure they behave and follow orders, or be punished severely.  The Pit Guards are chosen from the most brutal and menacing of orcs.  Even though they have no rank in the military order of the Darklord’s army, the Pit Guards are considered direct subordinates of Sauron’s generals.

{orc_pitguard_descr_short}
The Pit Guards, their presence and intimidation make the orcs fight harder.

¬----------------

{orc_rabble}	Orc Rabble

{orc_rabble_descr}
 Sauron builds his armies: enormous engines of war, the monstrous trolls, evil men, and Orcs numbering in the hundreds of thousands.  The Dark Lord uses pure strength to destroy his opponents; the overwhelming number of the orc hordes combined with the strength of the trolls and the mobility of Mordor’s Rhunic cavalry annihilate all in their path.  With these forces at his back, Sauron is poised to conquer the entire world. Morgoth’s second-in-command and successor, Sauron, turned their hatred towards the free peoples of Middle-earth, forming an army capable of toppling all the powers of the West.  Untrained orcs form into rabbles, which are barely more than simple mobs.  These serve as the frontline soldiers in the army of the Dark Lord ahead of the bigger and more specialist breeds, as they are easily replaceable and numerous. Their armor is simple, basically anything they could find and strap to the body. They carry a crude small shield for protection, and a short blade for hacking and stabbing.  The fighting methods of these orcs are quite simple: batter the opponent until he stops moving.  The orcs attack with great fury and savagery, but they are cowardly creatures at heart and can be easily routed when the tide of battle goes against them. Whatever the true reason, orcs generally attack at night and avoid appearing in broad daylight.

{orc_rabble_descr_short}
The Orc Rabble, lesser orcs, strength in numbers.

¬----------------

{orc_warband}	Orc Warband

{orc_warband_descr}
The Orcs are typically smaller than Men, but through many generations of breeding, new variants of the race, taller and bigger, and having no fear of sunlight emerged.  They are the Uruks in the Black Speech of Mordor. Sauron learned from his defeat at Dagorlad that superior numbers alone could not defeat a disciplined, well-armed and organized foe.  The Urucks reflect this, being organized in warbands to take advantage of their discipline and combat prowess, traits the inferior Orcs lack.  He spent many centuries shaping the orcs into true soldiers for his army.  The Uruk warriors wear heavy armor, even if they are of crude quality.  Most are pieces scavenged from battles, then reshaped in their simple forges. They carry a heavy crude shield and a large sword.  Despite their lower quality arms and armor, the Uruk warbands make up for this deficiency with overwhelming numbers and ruthlessness.

{orc_warband_descr_short}
Orc Warband, the backbone of the armies of Mordor.

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{orc_manslayer}	Orc Manslayers

{orc_manslayer_descr}
 Some veteran warriors develop a taste for combat, falling into rages of bloodlust upon seeing the foe.  Troops that exhibit this zeal are put together to form the Manslayers, elite troops known for their prowess in combat as well as for their selfless fanaticism. The manslayers care little for personal safety, charging toward the enemy in a mad frenzy. It is rumored that the will of Sauron drives them upon the onset of battle, pushing them to acts of demented carnage.  Their duty is to cut through the defensive line and inflict as much damage as possible, as quickly as possible.  Clad in heavy armor to extend their survivability, the Manslayers are reminiscent of Morgoth’s demon armies of old; their armor covering their bodies spiked and jagged, and the helmet is covered in metal horns and tusks, with only the sinister yellow eyes of the Orc being visible.. The primary weapon of the slayers is a large great axe, capable of breaking armor plate, crude yet effective, especially when swung by the crazed Manslayers.

{orc_manslayer_descr_short}
The bloodthirsty Manslayers, armed with a armor breaking great axe.

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{orc_headhunter} Orc Headhunters

{orc_headhunter_descr}
A major part of the orcs way of war is terror. Put fear into the enemy and the battle is already half won. Some orcs have a vile and grotesque habit of collecting their fallen opponent’s head.  Not only do they collect these heads as personal trophies but they also use them as a weapon to terrorise the enemy.  Either through intimidation factor or the fact that the heads themselves have enough weight to hurt someone, this method seems to work quite effectively.  Add a filthy, snarling orc behind the flying projectile and you have an intimidating battle crew. Headhunters are one of the more aggressive of the orc breeds and they paint their dark skin with bright red colors. They wield a metal club in one hand, used to strike the helmet-protected head and a blade with serrated edge on the other, which is obviously used to decapitate fallen enemies.  There is a theory that the Headhunters prize the worth of their trophy based on the rank and toughness of the enemy they killed.  Thus heads of soldiers are prized higher than those of commonfolk, which are used as their regular projectile.

{orc_headhunter_descr_short}
The vile Headhunters, throw decapitated heads of their enemies before rushing.

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{orc_stalker}	Orc Trackers

{orc_stalker_descr}
The orcs are expert at ambush attacks as they are often out-skilled in open combat.  This trait is shared by almost all of the orc clans, except the larger Uruk-breeds and Isengard’s Uruk-hai.  These orcs serve as trackers and scouts for the army of Mordor, who also has the duty of harassing the enemy troops.  \n\n The trackers are clad in thin scrap armor.  They wear a combination of thick cloth, tattered chain mail and leather, anything they could scavenge.  They cannot wear thick and heavy armor, as they are required to move fast and hide. Their primary arsenal is the javelin.  Crude spears they would throw at the enemy from a safe distance.  The trackers are not expert combatants so they prefer to stay away from straight melee battles.  But in the event when they do need to defend themselves or if they are required to support other melee units, they are properly armed with a short blade.  They also carry a small shield to protect them from the enemy’s missiles and as extra protection in close combat.

{orc_stalker_descr_short}
Orc Trackers, fast javelin throwers.

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{orc_impaler}	Orc Bloodspikes

{orc_impaler_descr}
Mordor’s army consists mostly of infantry.  With enough organization, even the rowdy orcs could form a formidable fighting force.  But a large number of foot soldiers are not enough to guarantee victory, as their enemies possess cavalry.  Sauron realized the weakness of his army, as cavalry could tear through their defensive line and rout them entirely.  The countermeasure for cavalry charges is spear units, such as the Impalers.  But they may not be enough when facing heavy cavalry with devastating speed and mass.  In order for the spearmen to survive the clash, they must be clad in heavy armor.  The heavy armored Uruk spearmen of Mordor are called the Bloodspikes. The Bloodspikes are clad in thick, heavy armor, crude in quality but effective.  It is their duty to stand their ground and withstand a cavalry charge head-on.  They carry a large shield to help them defend against the spears of cavalry and a wicked spear, used mostly on the enemy’s mount.  They wear a large beaked helmet, with small openings for limited vision. As one of the toughest units of troops in the Armies of Mordor, Bloodspikes inspire other troops around them with thier presence.

{orc_impaler_descr_short}
The Bloodspikes, heavily armored Uruks and the bane of cavalry. 

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{orc_archer}	Orc Archers

{orc_archer_descr}
Seeing the need for some missile support for their infantry, Orcish armies use their smaller orcs that wouldnt be much use in close combat as archers. These Orcs have come to relish the role they have and use fur and hair, from various animals and creatures (some even comes from their own bodies), as arrow feathers. They have light armor for protection from missiles.  They also carry a dagger to defend themselves at close combat which none of the archers would like to experience. Orc archers are the best marksmen their army could produce, even if their skill is nowhere near the Men of Middle-earth.  Still, a hail of crude arrows can be deadly as any if the recipient is not well protected..  

{orc_archer_descr_short}
Orc Archers, crude marksmen support for infantry.

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{troll}	Assault Trolls

{troll_descr}
Inspires Friendly Units\n\nThe race of Trolls has an obscure origin.  Some say they are corrupted spirits of the earth while others claim that Morgoth created them.  But these trolls are no mere trolls as they are the Olog-hai, a new breed of trolls, created by Sauron through foul magic and crossbreeding. Sauron saw the great potential of the simple-minded creatures with their brutish strength and tough hide.   But they have one weakness in that they would turn to stone when hit by sunlight.  The Olog-hai do not have that trait and are perfectly capable of surviving in broad daylight. \n\n The trolls are clad in heavy armor made in the crude forgeries of the orcs.  Because of their tough hide, they only need to protect the most vital areas of their body, namely the head and torso.  They wear a tough iron helmet with horns, to give them a more menacing look.  They carry with them a large metal club, which combined with their inhuman strength, is capable of crushing even a fully armored man.  These Assault Trolls’ main duty in the orc army is to break through heavily defended lines.  Their frightening size and appearance is sometimes enough to turn the enemy.  If not, their ferocity and monstrous strength will.

{troll_descr_short}
The armored trolls, large bodied and very strong. 

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{troll2}	Battle Trolls

{troll2_descr}
Inspires Friendly Units\n\nThe Battle Trolls are the fiercest of all the Olog-hai.  These are the specially selected trolls by Sauron.  It is widely believed that Sauron embedded his will and malice into these creatures so he could control them.  The Battle Trolls are indeed the most fearsome combatants in the army of the Darklord with their size being two to three times of that of Men, and monstrous strength and toughness. \n\n These trolls are clad in heavy and thick iron armor, crude in quality but the thickness made the armor hard to penetrate.  They wear a fearsome iron mask to protect their exposed head.  Unlike the Assault Trolls with their heavy clubs, the Battle Trolls wield a gigantic sword.  It is believed they are much capable fighters, due to their link to Sauron.  Unlike the other trolls who rely mostly on their brute strength, the Battle Trolls are skilled sword fighters.  Truly, these monsters are a bane to the enemies of Mordor.

{troll2_descr_short}
The powerful Battle Trolls, infused with Sauron’s will and malice. 

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{nazgul}	Nazgul

{nazgul_descr}
THIS IS JUST A BONUS UNIT.\n\n\This unit will not be made available for custom battle or multiplayer due to the inability of the engine to limit their numbers to just 9.

{nazgul_descr_short}
Bonus unit.

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{easterling_mordor}	Chosen Riders

{easterling_mordor_descr}
Mordor possesses almost no cavalry except for the riders from Rhun.  The simple reason is that orcs cannot ride horses.  They lack the patience and dexterity to steer and mount a horse or any other creature.  Although some small orcs could ride Wargs, a breed of intelligent yet brutal giant wolves, Though they have wargs, they are few in number in mordor and so are reserved for favoured Orc commanders. These bodyguard units are not enough to form a significant cavalry.  The Darklord realized his army’s need of cavalry, either to provide protection for the army’s flank or to face off the enemy’s cavalry. An edict was sent to the east, where each year a group of skilled easterling riders will be chosen and sent to Mordor to serve Sauron directly. Although the Easterlings consider it as the greatest of honors to serve their lord directly, it takes a certain type of men to be able to live amongst the orcs and in the harsh living conditions of Mordor.  These men are chosen for their bravery but most of all of their loyalty to Sauron.  Once they entered his service, they severed all ties with their homeland and dyed their once proud color of crimson with the color black.  The armor they wore is made of bronze, just like the standard armor of Easterling warriors, with the four-horned helmet, a status of higher ranks.  They carry the Rhunic short poleaxe, a standard weapon for the Easterling cavalry.

{easterling_mordor_descr_short}
Chosen Riders from Rhun, elite Men of the East, now serving Mordor directly.

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{orc_catapult}	Orc Catapult

{orc_catapult_descr}
Fires Incendiary Missiles\n\nThis war machine is powered by a twisted spring of animal sinew ropes, the most elastic substance available. \n\nThe throwing arm is held in tension by the sinews. When pulled back and held by a catch it can fling a boulder with considerable speed and range. This version can be used for reducing stone fortifications, but it can also be used on the battlefield for destroying enemy artillery and harassing troops (although admittedly by killing some of them outright).\n\nThe catapult can also be used to launch incendiary missiles such as fire pots, making it a versatile piece of artillery to any commander.\n\nDespite their cowardice and hate for many things, the orcs may show their creative side when it comes to making murderous things.  Thus it comes to no surprise that they took a great interest in war engines like the catapult, as it is another tool for destruction.  Sauron is able to muster enough craftsmen to begin a mass production of siege engines.  These products of the orcs is just any other they produced: crude, lacking in quality, yet they get the job done.

{orc_catapult_descr_short}
The catapult can launch boulders or incendiary fire pots at enemy troops and fortifications.

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{orc_scavenger}	 War Goblins

{orc_scavenger_descr}
 Goblins are a smaller sub-species of Orc. These "War Goblins", however, are the largest of their breed, though this still makes them smaller than an average Orc. They are  well armored, crude though that armor may be, and they carry a sharp short spear which they can use to good effect on enemy cavalry and carry a shield for protection. They are not well trained, however, this is due to their nature rather than any lack of skill and they are keen to attack when they sense weakness. They are formed up in large numbers when called upon to fight and with enough of them present they can overwhelm any enemy.

{orc_scavenger_descr_short}
Vicious armored goblins, a smaller breed of orc, armed with a short spear and shield.

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{orc_axe}	Orc Headsplitters

{orc_axe_descr}
These are orc warriors often put on the frontlines by the Darklord in battle.  They are large brutes who had seen and survived numerous battles.  Although their fighting prowess is less than that of the Uruks, they still make frontline good foot soldiers.  Just like the other orcs, they are rowdy and hard to control, but years of conditioning by the Darklord have made them capable of obeying commands to a degree. \n\n These orc brutes are armed with axes or various shapes and qualities.  They are basically any heavy sharp objects crudely attached to a handle.  They are taught to aim mostly for the enemy’s head, earning them the nickname Splitter of Heads amongst their kin.  Their armor is better than the ones worn by the orcs of ages past, as for the first time in Middle-earth the orcs are formed into a coherent army.  They also carry a large shield, crude in quality but thick enough to stand most blows.  These orcs are barely trained except to stand in ranks.  The orcs’ fighting style is primitive but backed with their great number and savagery can be surprisingly effective.

{orc_axe_descr_short}
Brutish warriors of the orcs, frontline combatants, armed with axes and shields.

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{orc_spear}	Orc Impalers

{orc_spear_descr}
These orc warriors armed themselves with a spear to keep the enemy at bay.  They are the specially trained to form the defensive flanks especially against cavalry charges.  Unlike the heavily armored Bloodspikes, these orcs are charged with protecting the army’s flanks.  It took a very long time for Sauron to carefully select and train these creatures to be able to follow command and be disciplined enough and hold their ranks.  The orcs of the older generations only knew how to rush and charge the enemy, which had proven to be ineffective against the advanced armies of Men and Elves. \n\n The orcs wore an armor made of anything they could scavenge or find.  Although crude forges do exist in Mordor, they do not have the resources, skill or speed to provide every orc in Mordor’s army with armor and weapons.  More than often the orcs had to rely on themselves to find proper armament before heading into the battlefield.  Spears are considered an efficient weapon, as it only needs little metal.  The shaft can be made of anything as long as it is sturdy enough to be used in battle.  The spearhead is basically scavenged metal pieces shaped into something sharp enough to be used as a piercing weapon.  Although the orcs primarily prefer clubs and axes, the new breeds are properly trained in using the spear.  However, using both hands to enhance their thrust renders them incapable of carrying a shield.  They earned the nickname Impalers for their delight in piercing through the enemy, once they got a handle of using their wicked spears.

{orc_spear_descr_short}
Spear-armed orc warriors, good anti-cavalry but without a shield to defend themselves.

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{rebel_swords}	Swordsmen
	
{rebel_swords_descr}	
There is hardly a man among Middle-earth that is not trained in the rudimentary basics of hand to hand combat, and the sword is the primary tool with which to defend ones self, or to take what you need...	
	
{rebel_swords_descr_short}	
Swordsmen, also carry a few javelins	
	
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{rebel_spears}	Spearmen
	
{rebel_spears_descr}	
Spears are cheap and easy to make and so they are often used in place of swords, but the defensive nature of them means that the wielder must be more considerate with how he chooses to handle it. A strong line of spearmen can abruptly halt a heavy cavalry charge. 	
	
{rebel_spears_descr_short}	
Spearmen, anti-cavalry unit.	
	
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{rebel_archers}	Javelinmen
	
{rebel_archers_descr}	
Javelin throwing can be one of the most deadly and effective forms of combat, if the person wielding the javelin is skilled they can do great damage. They are valuable on the battlefield but the training and dedication required makes them less than readily available. 	
	
{rebel_archers_descr_short}	
Javelinmen, also fight with short sword	
	
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{slave}	 Wildmen

{slave_descr}
The men of the wildlands, a mixture of barbarians, thugs and exiled criminals. Wielding only a crude club, these wildmen rely on banditry for a living and can frequently be found with masterless Orcs in roaming gangs that attack travelers and mug caravans. A few more "fortunate" wildmen serve Isengard in return for whatever booty they can lift from the white-hands Foes, from within the protection of an organised army.

{slave_descr_short}
Wildmen are club carrying bandits who rely on their numbers and brute force

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{gondor_spear}	Gondor Rebel Spears
	
{gondor_spear_descr}	
People rebel for many reasons, these Rebels are skilled spearmen.  They are convinced their cause is just and so are dedicated in their beliefs to the bitter end, these spearmen are a defensive force to be reckoned with.	
	
{gondor_spear_descr_short}	
Gondor Rebel spears.
	
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{gondor_sword}	Gondor Men at Arms
	
{gondor_sword_descr}	
People rebel for many reasons some have turned their backs on there own traditions and support an ursurpers, others are simply rebelling against a foreign occupier. Whatever the cause, they are convinced their cause is just and so are dedicated to the fight, these swordsmen are skilled and a dependable frontline force.	

{gondor_sword_descr_short}	
Gondor Rebel swordsmen.	
	
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{gondor_archers2}	Gondor Rebel Archers
	
{gondor_archers2_descr}	
 People rebel for many reasons,	these archers are skilled marksmen and will do their upmost to gain victory.
	
{gondor_archers2_descr_short}	
Gondor Rebel archers.	
	
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{gondor_general2}	Gondor Rebel General
	
{gondor_general2_descr}	
Inspires Friendly Units\n\n These rebels serve as crack guards to the rebel commanders and can inspire other men to bravery. They wear flamboyant uniforms, perhaps to convince others of the justness of their cause. Experienced and dependable they will fight bravely to the end if need be.	
	
{gondor_general2_descr_short}	
Guards of the gondor rebels captains.		

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{orc_merc}	Orc Mercenary Soldiers

{orc_merc_descr}
Some Orcs serve not just the Darklord Sauron but Other lands and for many different reasons. These orcs are motivated by gold, not victory over the west, and so many can be found in the Armies of Harad and the East. Whatever the cause, these Orc Soldiers are armored and armed with decent equipment, they are tough and eager fighters who rely on their numbers to overwhelm an enemy.

{orc_merc_descr_short}
Orc Soldiers, fighting for the Haradrim, Easterlings and sometimes others. Tough and plentiful.

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{bree_townguard}	Townguards

{bree_townguard_descr}
 These are troubled times for the peoples of middle earth, even for those towns and villages that seem safe from harm security is a paramount issue for citizens.  The land outside of their walls is pretty much lawless and has many times brought unwanted visitors. To deal with the external and internal security concerns, many towns have formed their own town guards to deal with order. 
 The Townguards are selected from able-bodied citizens.  They are not full time professional soldiers as their duties are not as extensive.  Almost all of them are ordinary citizens donating their time for short shifts patrolling the city and the main roads.  They do receive some basic training, making them more competent at group fighting than the general citizens.  The guards are equipped with a padded jacket, giving them some minor protection and warmth in the cold seasons.  They also wear a simple leather helmet and wield a sword of decent quality.  Well equipped for fighting, the townguards are a defense force for these times of trouble .

{bree_townguard_descr_short}
The Townguards, equipped and trained militia ready for town defense.

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{marshall}	Marshalls

{marshall_descr}
The Town Marshalls are lawmen hired by the town to keep order and uphold the law.  Most of them are upstanding citizen of good reputation and respected in their community and occasionally are ex-soldiers.  It is considered a great privilege to be elected and hired as a marshall, a position of esteemed status. The Marshalls are clad in fine tough leather armor, as their office provides them with the income to afford such luxuries, carry a sturdy short sword and will all have some training and experience of combat.  But their most valueable asset is the trust their fellow citizens put behind them, such that they are willing to fight for a good cause, the Marshalls can be considered the pillar of a town's community and such are as worthy to have for the inspiration they give as their fighting skills.

{marshall_descr_short}
The Town Marshalls, inspires and rallys soldiers and citizens to fight.

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{dunlending_woodsman}	Great Axe-Warriors

{dunlending_woodsman_descr}
These axe warriors are usually veterans of several battles.  They are respected for being skilled warriors.  Even though they still have not manage to develop a sophisticated fighting style, it requires a specific skill to use such a heavy axe effectively and for a long period in combat and they are without a doubt dangerous foes. These warriors wear little armor, only tough hide and fur, and rely on their aggression and bravery to see them through.

{dunlending_woodsman_descr_short}
Aggressive Warriors, armed with a great axe.

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{generic_rebel_general}	Bandit captain

{generic_rebel_general_descr}
Elite\nDisciplined\nHardy\nInspires Friendly Units\n\n Bandit captains have a bodyguard of loyal cavalry armed with swords and sturdy shields, these men are able to deliver a powerful charge. A Bandit captain will usually have a strong gang of troops under him who benefit in wealth from his leadership and so will fight hard to protect him.

{generic_rebel_general_descr_short}
Bandit captains have a bodyguard of tough cavalry.

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{orc_laborer} Orc Roamers

{orc_laborer_descr}
Orc roamers is the term many folk give to these masterless orcs who have either refused leadership and clan or have been been forced out for whatever reason. They can be found in many a brigands gang in middle-earth. They are armed with a axe, and lightly armored but many years roaming means they are fleet of foot, perfect for ambushing wary travelers and raiding unprotected towns.

{orc_laborer_descr_short}
Roamers, quick footed bandit orcs.

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{peasant_archer}	Bowmen

{peasant_archer_descr}
 Many peoples of middle earth have experience with a bow, the lands of the west are rich in vegetation and the forests offer many wild animals for the hunt. Some men use there archery to provide support for their townfolk in times of need, others not so noble can be found in the many bandit gangs that roam the lands. 
Though these bowmen are not soldiers, they are still competent archers, especially for the purpose of defense.

{peasant_archer_descr_short}
Common Bowmen, infantry support.

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{dunlending_slayer}	Mountain Slayers

{dunlending_slayer_descr}
 The Slayers are a Mountain people recognized for their combat prowess and have been encorporated into the union of tribes that dwell around Mount Gundabad.  They are talented fighters, though are more eager to gain glory by killing numerous enemy soldiers than providing an organized battle. The Slayers are often armed with a large two-handed blade, crudely made from any metal material they could find.  The metal would be sharpened and attached to a long wooden stick.  The result is a crude weapon yet heavy enough to deal serious damage, even to a heavier armor, when wielded by a strong individual.  These warriors wear no armor except for their leather and fur cloathes and paint their bodies with black ash to make their unwashed appearance even more intimidating.

{dunlending_slayer_descr_short}
Bloodthirsty warriors of the Mountains, armed with a large two-handed blade.

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{dunlending_hunter}	Gundabad Huntsmen

{dunlending_hunter_descr}
These tribesmen are impressive trackers and hunters.  Although their hunting methods are quite old, and some might even say primitive, it is very effective in the deep forests around the misty mountains.  The Huntsmen are clad in fur and hide clothing to keep them warm while stalking in the snowy forests.  They wear boar skin on their head, as well as use paint made with boar blood on their body, as they believe this would camouflage their odor from their prey.  They wield light spears that they throw before rushing forward.

{dunlending_hunter_descr_short}
The scouts and hunters of Mount Gundabad, strong fighters who throw their hunting spears before attacking.

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